A nurse is planning to teach a group of newly licensed nurses about hypernatremia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching?
Seizure
Elevated hematocrit
Bradypnea
Personality change
The Correct Answer is D
A. Seizure: While seizures may occur in severe cases of hypernatremia, they are more typically associated with hyponatremia, where cerebral edema is more prominent due to water shifts into brain cells.
B. Elevated hematocrit: An elevated hematocrit may be seen with dehydration, which can accompany hypernatremia, but it is not a direct or reliable indicator of sodium imbalance itself.
C. Bradypnea: Respiratory changes like bradypnea are not characteristic of hypernatremia. This condition primarily affects the neurological system, not the respiratory system.
D. Personality change: Hypernatremia causes cellular dehydration, particularly in brain cells, leading to neurological symptoms such as confusion, agitation, irritability, and personality changes.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Esophagitis: Esophagitis is not a common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is more often associated with gastroesophageal conditions or certain medications rather than autoimmune flare-ups.
B. Fever: Fever is a common finding during an acute exacerbation of SLE, reflecting the inflammatory nature of the autoimmune response and potential systemic involvement, such as joint pain or organ inflammation.
C. Diplopia: Diplopia, or double vision, is more associated with neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis rather than SLE, which more commonly affects joints, skin, and internal organs.
D. Bradykinesia: Bradykinesia is characteristic of Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders, not typically seen in clients experiencing an SLE flare.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Manually expressing my milk will decrease my milk supply: Manually expressing milk actually helps stimulate milk production by encouraging milk flow and preventing engorgement, especially if the baby is not feeding well.
B. My baby should always start on the same breast when feeding: It is recommended to alternate the starting breast with each feeding to ensure both breasts are stimulated evenly and to prevent issues like engorgement or blocked ducts.
C. The more my baby is at the breast sucking, the more milk I will produce: Frequent and effective suckling stimulates the release of prolactin and oxytocin, hormones essential for milk production and ejection, increasing milk supply over time.
D. After 5 to 10 minutes when the breast is emptied, my baby should be removed from the breast: Babies should be allowed to feed as long as they want on one breast before switching, as feeding duration varies and the baby controls milk intake to meet nutritional needs.
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