A nurse is planning to teach a group of newly licensed nurses about hypernatremia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching?
Seizure
Elevated hematocrit
Bradypnea
Personality change
The Correct Answer is D
A. Seizure: While seizures may occur in severe cases of hypernatremia, they are more typically associated with hyponatremia, where cerebral edema is more prominent due to water shifts into brain cells.
B. Elevated hematocrit: An elevated hematocrit may be seen with dehydration, which can accompany hypernatremia, but it is not a direct or reliable indicator of sodium imbalance itself.
C. Bradypnea: Respiratory changes like bradypnea are not characteristic of hypernatremia. This condition primarily affects the neurological system, not the respiratory system.
D. Personality change: Hypernatremia causes cellular dehydration, particularly in brain cells, leading to neurological symptoms such as confusion, agitation, irritability, and personality changes.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A.This is incorrect since the loadshould be held as close to the nurse's center of gravity (the pelvis) as possible.
B.This is incorrect since the back should remain straight or in its natural "S" curve throughout the lift. The power for the lift should come from the gluteal and femoral muscles, not the back.
C.This is correct since the nurse is squatting and bending at the knees, keeping the back straight. Bending at the knees and hips to engage stronger leg muscles rather than the lower back. The object should also be keptclose to the torso, not held at arm’s length, shoulders aligned, no twisting of the trunk, and the eyes forward, head aligned with the spine.
D. This is incorrect since the feet placement should be a wide base of support, one foot slightly ahead of the other. The back alignment includes the spine kept straight, no twisting or bending at the waist. Knees should be bent to lower the body, rather than bending forward.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Review the child's electronic pain diary: This should be the first action as it provides valuable information about the frequency, triggers, duration, and severity of the headaches. It helps the nurse and provider make informed decisions about treatment and next steps.
B. Request a change in medication from the provider: Medication changes should be based on a thorough assessment of the child’s headache pattern and response to current therapy, which starts with reviewing documented data.
C. Set up an appointment with the school nurse: While coordination with the school is important for managing chronic conditions, it is not the priority action before understanding the nature and pattern of the headaches.
D. Refer the family to a chronic pain support group: Support groups are helpful in long-term management, but should follow a thorough assessment and diagnosis of the child’s condition and needs.
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