A nurse is planning to teach a group of newly licensed nurses about hypernatremia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse include in the teaching?
Seizure
Elevated hematocrit
Bradypnea
Personality change
The Correct Answer is D
A. Seizure: While seizures may occur in severe cases of hypernatremia, they are more typically associated with hyponatremia, where cerebral edema is more prominent due to water shifts into brain cells.
B. Elevated hematocrit: An elevated hematocrit may be seen with dehydration, which can accompany hypernatremia, but it is not a direct or reliable indicator of sodium imbalance itself.
C. Bradypnea: Respiratory changes like bradypnea are not characteristic of hypernatremia. This condition primarily affects the neurological system, not the respiratory system.
D. Personality change: Hypernatremia causes cellular dehydration, particularly in brain cells, leading to neurological symptoms such as confusion, agitation, irritability, and personality changes.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Ham sandwich with milk: Ham is pork, which is prohibited in kosher dietary laws. Additionally, mixing meat and dairy in the same meal is not allowed in kosher practice.
B. Scrambled eggs and toast with milk: Eggs, bread, and milk are all considered kosher when prepared properly, and this combination avoids mixing meat and dairy. This option aligns with kosher dietary restrictions.
C. Shrimp salad and tomato soup with milk: Shrimp is a shellfish and is not kosher. Kosher dietary laws prohibit the consumption of shellfish and other non-scaled seafood.
D. Bacon and cheese quiche with milk: Bacon is derived from pork, which is forbidden in kosher diets. Additionally, this meal mixes meat and dairy, which is also not permitted under kosher rules.
Correct Answer is A,C,E,B,D
Explanation
A. Assess the appearance of the wound first to determine its condition and document characteristics such as drainage, size, and tissue type before collecting the specimen.
B. Place the swab in the culture tube immediately after obtaining the specimen to prevent contamination and preserve the sample.
C. Cleanse the wound with 0.9% sodium chloride to remove surface contaminants, which helps ensure the culture reflects true pathogens within the wound bed.
D. Cover the wound with a sterile dressing to protect the area from external contamination and promote healing after the specimen has been collected.
E. Obtain the specimen from granulation tissue of the wound, avoiding pooled drainage or necrotic areas, to ensure the most accurate culture results.
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