A nurse is planning to teach a client about a high-potassium diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to eat? (Select all that apply)
Grapes
Nuts
Watermelon
Sweet potato
Bananas
Correct Answer : B,D,E
Choice A: Grapes is incorrect because it is a low-potassium food, containing only 176 mg of potassium per cup. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid or limit low-potassium foods, as they can worsen hypokalemia, or low potassium level.
Choice B: Nuts is correct because it is a high-potassium food, containing 200 to 300 mg of potassium per ounce. The nurse should instruct the client to eat more high-potassium foods, as they can help prevent or treat hypokalemia.
Choice C: Watermelon is incorrect because it is also a low-potassium food, containing only 170 mg of potassium per cup. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid or limit low-potassium foods, as they can worsen hypokalemia.
Choice D: Sweet potato is correct because it is also a high-potassium food, containing 448 mg of potassium per medium-sized potato. The nurse should instruct the client to eat more high-potassium foods, as they can help prevent or treat hypokalemia.
Choice E: Bananas is correct because it is also a high-potassium food, containing 422 mg of potassium per medium- sized banana. The nurse should instruct the client to eat more high-potassium foods, as they can help prevent or treat hypokalemia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because phosphorus is not the most affected electrolyte by acute renal failure. Phosphorus is a mineral that is involved in bone formation, energy metabolism, and acid-base balance. Acute renal failure can cause hyperphosphatemia, which is a high level of phosphorus in the blood, due to impaired excretion by the kidneys. However, hyperphosphatemia is usually asymptomatic and can be treated with phosphate binders and dietary restriction.
Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because magnesium is not the most affected electrolyte by acute renal failure. Magnesium is a mineral that is essential for nerve and muscle function, blood pressure regulation, and bone health. Acute renal failure can cause hypermagnesemia, which is a high level of magnesium in the blood, due to impaired excretion by the kidneys. However, hypermagnesemia is rare and usually occurs in patients who receive excessive magnesium supplementation or antacids.
Choice C Reason: This is correct because potassium is the most affected electrolyte by acute renal failure. Potassium is a mineral that is vital for nerve and muscle function, especially for the heart. Acute renal failure can cause hyperkalemia, which is a high level of potassium in the blood, due to impaired excretion by the kidneys. Hyperkalemia can cause muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest. The nurse should monitor the patient's vital signs, electrocardiogram, and serum potassium level, and administer medications or dialysis as ordered.
Choice D Reason: This is incorrect because calcium is not the most affected electrolyte by acute renal failure. Calcium is a mineral that is essential for muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and blood clotting. Acute renal failure can cause hypocalcemia, which is a low level of calcium in the blood, due to decreased production of active vitamin D by the kidneys. Hypocalcemia can cause tetany, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias. The nurse should monitor the patient's vital signs, electrocardiogram, and Chvostek's and Trousseau's signs, and administer calcium and vitamin D supplements as ordered.
Choice E Reason: This is incorrect because sodium is not the most affected electrolyte by acute renal failure. Sodium is a mineral that regulates fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve impulses. Acute renal failure can cause hyponatremia or hypernatremia, which are low or high levels of sodium in the blood, due to impaired regulation of water intake and output by the kidneys. Hyponatremia can cause confusion, seizures, and coma. Hypernatremia can cause thirst, agitation, and restlessness. The nurse should monitor the patient's fluid balance, vital signs, and serum sodium level, and administer fluids or diuretics as ordered.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A: Sodium level is not a reliable measure of fluid retention because it can be affected by other factors such as diet, medication, and dehydration. Sodium level does not reflect the amount of water in the body.
Choice B: Daily weight is the most reliable measure of fluid retention because it reflects the changes in total body water. A weight gain of more than 0.5 kg (1 lb) in a day or 1.5 kg (3 lb) in a week indicates fluid retention.
Choice C: Intake and output is not a reliable measure of fluid retention because it does not account for insensible losses such as sweating, breathing, and fever. Intake and output can also be inaccurate due to measurement errors or incomplete records.
Choice D: Tissue turgor is not a reliable measure of fluid retention because it can be influenced by age, skin elasticity, and hydration status. Tissue turgor does not indicate the amount of fluid in the intravascular space.
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