A nurse is planning care for a patient who is immobile and is experiencing urinary retention.
The nurse should plan to monitor the patient for which of the following?

Choice A rationale
Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is not typically a manifestation of the fight-or-flight response. In fact, the opposite is true. During the fight-or-flight response, the body’s glucose levels often increase to provide extra energy for the perceived threat.
Choice B rationale
Dilated pupils are a common physical manifestation of the fight-or-flight response. This physiological change allows more light to enter the eyes, enhancing vision and awareness of the environment during a stressful event.
Choice C rationale
Bronchial airway constriction is not typically associated with the fight-or-flight response. In fact, the bronchial airways often dilate during this response to allow for increased oxygen flow, which is necessary for physical exertion.
Choice D rationale
Decreased blood pressure is not a typical response to stress. During the fight-or-flight response, blood pressure usually increases to enhance blood flow to the muscles and brain.

Choice A rationale
While hypertension is a risk factor for stroke, it is a modifiable risk factor. This means it can be controlled and managed through lifestyle changes and medication.
Choice B rationale
Family history is a non-modifiable risk factor for stroke. If a close family member, like a parent or sibling, has had a stroke, a person’s risk of stroke is slightly higher.
Choice C rationale
Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for stroke. Quitting smoking can significantly reduce the risk of stroke.
Choice D rationale
Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for stroke. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and regular exercise can help reduce the risk of stroke.