A nurse is planning care for a patient who is immobile and is experiencing urinary retention.
The nurse should plan to monitor the patient for which of the following?

Choice A rationale
Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is not typically a manifestation of the fight-or-flight response. In fact, the opposite is true. During the fight-or-flight response, the body’s glucose levels often increase to provide extra energy for the perceived threat.
Choice B rationale
Dilated pupils are a common physical manifestation of the fight-or-flight response. This physiological change allows more light to enter the eyes, enhancing vision and awareness of the environment during a stressful event.
Choice C rationale
Bronchial airway constriction is not typically associated with the fight-or-flight response. In fact, the bronchial airways often dilate during this response to allow for increased oxygen flow, which is necessary for physical exertion.
Choice D rationale
Decreased blood pressure is not a typical response to stress. During the fight-or-flight response, blood pressure usually increases to enhance blood flow to the muscles and brain.

Choice A rationale
As people age, the stiffness of the arterial system increases, leading to left ventricle hypertrophy, increased afterload on the left ventricle, and an increase in systolic blood pressure. This is a physiological change that occurs with aging.
Choice B rationale
With aging, the number of cells in the kidneys decreases markedly, which can affect the functioning of the urinary tract, including the bladder. This can lead to a reduced bladder capacity.
Choice C rationale
This statement is incorrect. As people age, they often experience a decrease in visual acuity and an increased sensitivity to glare. This can make it more difficult for older adults to see, especially in brightly lit environments.
Choice D rationale
Dehydration of intervertebral discs is a common occurrence with aging. This can lead to a decrease in height and changes in the curvature of the spine.
Choice E rationale
As people age, their cough reflex can become reduced. This can increase the risk of aspiration and pneumonia, especially in individuals with other health conditions that affect swallowing.