A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving a transfusion of packed RBCs.
The client reports chills, headache, low-back pain, and a feeling of "tightness" in his chest.
The nurse should identify that the client has developed which of the following types of transfusion reactions?
Allergic.
Febrile nonhemolytic.
Acute hemolytic.
Bacterial.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
Allergic transfusion reactions are characterized by symptoms such as hives, itching, and shortness of breath. While allergic reactions can cause discomfort, they do not typically present with the symptoms described in the scenario, such as chills, headache, low-back pain, and chest tightness.
Choice B rationale:
Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions are characterized by fever and chills, but they do not usually cause headache, low-back pain, or chest tightness. These reactions occur due to antibodies against donor leukocytes or platelets.
Choice C rationale:
Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions occur when there is a mismatch in blood type between the donor and recipient, leading to rapid destruction of transfused red blood cells. This reaction can cause symptoms such as chills, fever, low-back pain, chest tightness, and hemoglobinuria (presence of hemoglobin in the urine) It is a medical emergency that requires immediate cessation of the transfusion, supportive care, and treatment for potential complications such as acute kidney injury.
Choice D rationale:
Bacterial transfusion reactions occur due to bacterial contamination of the blood product. These reactions can cause symptoms such as fever, chills, hypotension, and shock. While bacterial transfusion reactions can be serious, the symptoms described in the scenario, including headache and low-back pain, are not typically associated with this type of reaction.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Incorrect. Family history of malignant hypertension is not a contraindication for alteplase.
B. Incorrect. COPD itself is not a contraindication for alteplase. While it can complicate overall management, it does not increase the immediate risk of bleeding associated with thrombolytics.
C. Correct. Recent surgery, especially orthopedic surgery like hip arthroplasty, is a contraindication for thrombolytic therapy due to the increased risk of bleeding and hematoma formation at the surgical site.
D. Incorrect. Acute renal failure from six months ago is not a contraindication for alteplase.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Incorrect. Obesity is not a contraindication for acupuncture.
B. Incorrect. Hypothyroidism is not a contraindication for acupuncture.
C. Incorrect. Hypertension is not a contraindication for acupuncture.
D. Correct. Herpes zoster (shingles) involves a reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus and can cause skin lesions. Acupuncture involves the insertion of needles through the skin, which could potentially worsen the condition or lead to the spread of the virus.
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