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A nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving a transfusion of packed RBCs.
The client reports chills, headache, low-back pain, and a feeling of "tightness" in his chest.
The nurse should identify that the client has developed which of the following types of transfusion reactions?

A.

Allergic.

B.

Febrile nonhemolytic.

C.

Acute hemolytic.

D.

Bacterial.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale:

Allergic transfusion reactions are characterized by symptoms such as hives, itching, and shortness of breath. While allergic reactions can cause discomfort, they do not typically present with the symptoms described in the scenario, such as chills, headache, low-back pain, and chest tightness.

Choice B rationale:

Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions are characterized by fever and chills, but they do not usually cause headache, low-back pain, or chest tightness. These reactions occur due to antibodies against donor leukocytes or platelets.

Choice C rationale:

Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions occur when there is a mismatch in blood type between the donor and recipient, leading to rapid destruction of transfused red blood cells. This reaction can cause symptoms such as chills, fever, low-back pain, chest tightness, and hemoglobinuria (presence of hemoglobin in the urine) It is a medical emergency that requires immediate cessation of the transfusion, supportive care, and treatment for potential complications such as acute kidney injury.

Choice D rationale:

Bacterial transfusion reactions occur due to bacterial contamination of the blood product. These reactions can cause symptoms such as fever, chills, hypotension, and shock. While bacterial transfusion reactions can be serious, the symptoms described in the scenario, including headache and low-back pain, are not typically associated with this type of reaction.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Lyme disease is primarily transmitted through ticks.

B. Lyme disease is a communicable disease of public concern and hence reportable

C. Incorrect. Antitoxin is not used for treating Lyme disease. Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium, not a toxin.

D. Incorrect. Skin necrosis is not a common manifestation of Lyme disease. The primary symptoms include fever, fatigue, headache, and a characteristic skin rash known as erythema migrans.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Correct. Holding the client's eyes shut for a few seconds after death helps keep the eyelids closed and gives a more peaceful appearance.
B. Incorrect. Crossing the client's arms across their chest is not typically part of postmortem care and may not be culturally appropriate in some cases.
C. Incorrect. Removing dentures from the mouth is not a standard step in postmortem care unless specifically requested by the family or if they pose a risk of aspiration.
D. Incorrect. Placing the client in a high-Fowler's position is not necessary after death and is not part of postmortem care.

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