A nurse is instructing a newly licensed nurse about age-related changes to vision in older adult patients.
Which of the following should the nurse include as an example of an expected age-related change?

Choice A rationale
Hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, is not typically a manifestation of the fight-or-flight response. In fact, the opposite is true. During the fight-or-flight response, the body’s glucose levels often increase to provide extra energy for the perceived threat.
Choice B rationale
Dilated pupils are a common physical manifestation of the fight-or-flight response. This physiological change allows more light to enter the eyes, enhancing vision and awareness of the environment during a stressful event.
Choice C rationale
Bronchial airway constriction is not typically associated with the fight-or-flight response. In fact, the bronchial airways often dilate during this response to allow for increased oxygen flow, which is necessary for physical exertion.
Choice D rationale
Decreased blood pressure is not a typical response to stress. During the fight-or-flight response, blood pressure usually increases to enhance blood flow to the muscles and brain.

Choice A rationale
For a client with Parkinson’s disease who has difficulty swallowing or chewing due to muscle rigidity, semi-solid food with thick liquids can be easier to swallow and reduce the risk of choking.
Choice B rationale
Minced foods and fluid restriction may not provide the necessary nutrients and hydration for a client with Parkinson’s disease.
Choice C rationale
A low-residue diet, which is low in fiber, may not be appropriate for a client with Parkinson’s disease, as constipation is a common symptom of the disease and fiber can help alleviate this.
Choice D rationale
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a method of feeding that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. It is typically reserved for clients who cannot or should not get their nutrition through eating.