A nurse is formulating nursing diagnoses for a client with panic disorder. Which nursing diagnosis would be appropriate for this client?

Choice A rationale:

Providing a safe and calm environment for the client during a panic attack is crucial to help minimize distress and prevent harm. Panic attacks can lead to heightened anxiety and fear, and creating a safe space can help the client feel secure. This intervention aids in reducing the overall intensity and duration of the panic attack.

Choice B rationale:

Using therapeutic communication skills to establish rapport and trust with the client is essential in managing panic disorder. By employing active listening, empathy, and non-judgmental responses, the nurse can create a supportive environment. Building a therapeutic relationship enhances the client's willingness to communicate, share their experiences, and adhere to the treatment plan.

Choice C rationale:

Educating the client about panic disorder and its treatment options is important, but it might be overwhelming during a panic attack. Providing education can be more effective when the client is relatively stable and receptive. The immediate focus during a panic attack should be on providing comfort and support.

Choice D rationale:

Encouraging the client to participate in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a valuable intervention for panic disorder. However, suggesting this during a panic attack might not be appropriate, as the client's focus and ability to engage in a discussion could be compromised. It's better to introduce the idea of CBT when the client is in a more receptive state.

Choice E rationale:

Referring the client to self-help groups for peer support and education is also a beneficial intervention. However, during a panic attack, the client may not be open to the idea of group involvement. This recommendation is better suited for a calmer moment when the client can consider it more rationally.

Choice A rationale:

Palpitations, or a racing heart, are a common symptom of panic attacks. The body's "fight or flight" response during a panic attack can lead to rapid heart rate and sensations of palpitations.

Choice B rationale:

Numbness and tingling sensations, often referred to as paresthesias, can occur during a panic attack. These sensations are a result of the body's physiological response to stress, leading to altered sensory perceptions.

Choice D rationale:

Fear of losing control is a characteristic symptom of panic attacks. Individuals with panic disorder often describe feeling as though they are losing control over their thoughts, emotions, or even their physical actions during an attack.

Choice E rationale:

Muscle weakness can be experienced during a panic attack due to the release of stress hormones and the physiological changes that accompany the fight-or-flight response. This weakness can affect various muscle groups.

Choice C rationale:

Increased appetite is not typically associated with panic attacks. Panic attacks are more commonly associated with gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea or stomach discomfort rather than an increased appetite.