A nurse is explaining to parents how the central nervous system of a child differs from that of an adult. Which statement accurately describes these differences?
The brain of a term infant weighs less than half of the weight of the adult brain.
The infant has 150 mL of CSF compared with 50 mL in the adult.
Coordination and fine motor skills develop as myelinization of peripheral nerves progresses.
Papilledema is a common manifestation of ICP in the very young child.
The Correct Answer is A
The statement that accurately describes the difference between the central nervous system (CNS) of a child and an adult is option A. The brain of a term infant weighs less than half of the weight of the adult brain. The brain undergoes significant growth and development during childhood and continues to develop until early adulthood. At birth, the brain is only a fraction of its adult weight, and it continues to grow and mature over time.
infant has 150 mL of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared with 50 mL in the adult in (option B), is incorrect. The volume of CSF in the CNS is not a significant difference between children and adults.
coordination and fine motor skills develop as myelination of peripheral nerves progresses in (option C), is an incorrect statement. Myelination is an ongoing process that occurs throughout childhood and contributes to the development of coordination and fine motor skills.
papilledema is a common manifestation of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in the very young child in (option D), is not correct. Papilledema refers to swelling of the optic disc and is not commonly seen in very young children. Signs of increased ICP in young children may present differently compared to adults and can include altered mental status, irritability, vomiting, and changes in vital signs.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The first sign of pubertal change seen with boys is testicular enlargement. This is known as testicular or scrotal growth and is one of the earliest physical signs of puberty in boys. Testicular enlargement is followed by other changes such as the growth of pubic hair, penile growth, voice deepening, and facial hair growth.
voice deepening in (option A) is incorrect because it, typically occurs after testicular enlargement and is associated with the growth and development of the larynx during puberty.
scrotal enlargement in (option B) is incorrect because it, may occur simultaneously or shortly after testicular enlargement as part of overall genital growth during puberty.
, facial hair growth in (option C) is incorrect because it, is a later sign of pubertal development in boys and typically occurs after the initial testicular enlargement and growth of pubic hair.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The best response for the nurse to give a parent regarding contacting the physician about an
infant with diarrhea is option B. In infants, dehydration can occur quickly, and a decrease in
urine output is an important indicator of fluid imbalance. Not having a wet diaper for 6 hours
can be a sign of inadequate fluid intake or excessive fluid loss, which warrants contacting the
paediatrician for further assessment and guidance.
"Call the doctor immediately if the infant has a temperature greater than 100° F,"in (option
A) is incorrect because it is not directly related to the concern of diarrhea. While a high fever
can be a sign of an underlying infection, it is not the primary concern in this case.
"The paediatrician should be contacted if the infant has two loose stools in an 8-hour
period,” in (option B) is incorrect because it may not necessarily require immediate medical
attention. While increased frequency of stools can be concerning, the absence of urine output
is a more critical indicator of dehydration.
"Notify the paediatrician if the infant naps more than 2 hours," in (option D) is incorrect
because it is unrelated to the concern of diarrhea and dehydration.
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