A nurse is explaining to parents how the central nervous system of a child differs from that of an adult. Which statement accurately describes these differences?
The brain of a term infant weighs less than half of the weight of the adult brain.
The infant has 150 mL of CSF compared with 50 mL in the adult.
Coordination and fine motor skills develop as myelinization of peripheral nerves progresses.
Papilledema is a common manifestation of ICP in the very young child.
The Correct Answer is A
The statement that accurately describes the difference between the central nervous system (CNS) of a child and an adult is option A. The brain of a term infant weighs less than half of the weight of the adult brain. The brain undergoes significant growth and development during childhood and continues to develop until early adulthood. At birth, the brain is only a fraction of its adult weight, and it continues to grow and mature over time.
infant has 150 mL of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compared with 50 mL in the adult in (option B), is incorrect. The volume of CSF in the CNS is not a significant difference between children and adults.
coordination and fine motor skills develop as myelination of peripheral nerves progresses in (option C), is an incorrect statement. Myelination is an ongoing process that occurs throughout childhood and contributes to the development of coordination and fine motor skills.
papilledema is a common manifestation of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in the very young child in (option D), is not correct. Papilledema refers to swelling of the optic disc and is not commonly seen in very young children. Signs of increased ICP in young children may present differently compared to adults and can include altered mental status, irritability, vomiting, and changes in vital signs.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The statement that best describes why infants are at greater risk for dehydration than older children is option B. Infants have an increased extracellular fluid volume compared to older children. This means that a larger proportion of their total body fluid is located outside the cells, in the extracellular compartment. This higher extracellular fluid volume makes infants more susceptible to fluid losses and dehydration if they experience inadequate fluid intake or increased fluid losses.
infants have an increased ability to concentrate urine in (option A), is incorrect. Infants have limited renal function and may have difficulty concentrating urine compared to older children and adults. This can contribute to a higher risk of dehydration in infants.
infants have a greater volume of intracellular fluid in (option C), is incorrect. The volume of intracellular fluid is not the primary factor contributing to the increased risk of dehydration in infants.
infants have a smaller body surface area in (option D) is incorrect because it, is not directly related to the increased risk of dehydration. Body surface area influences heat exchange and fluid loss through sweating but is not the main factor contributing to the higher risk of dehydration in infants.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
During adolescence, there is a period of rapid physical growth and development. This growth spurt requires additional energy and resources from the body, which can lead to increased fatigue and a heightened need for sleep. The body utilizes sleep as a time for rest, repair, and growth, and during this growth phase, the demand for restorative sleep tends to increase.
decreased activity in (option B) is incorrect because it, does not necessarily contribute to an increased need for sleep. While decreased activity may result in less fatigue and the perception of needing less sleep, it is not a predisposing factor for feeling an increased need for sleep.
typical lack of ambition in (option C) is incorrect because it, is not associated with an increased need for sleep. Lack of ambition refers to a lack of motivation or drive, which is not directly related to the physiological need for sleep.
an inadequate diet in (option D) is incorrect because it, can affect overall health and well- being, but it is not specifically associated with an increased need for sleep. However, a well- balanced and nutritious diet can support healthy growth and development, including adequate sleep patterns.
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