A nurse is discussing treatments and interventions with a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following would assist in preventing exacerbations?

Limiting fluids during meals

Influenza vaccination

Pursed-lip breathing

Using the tripod position

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   This option is not directly related to preventing exacerbations in COPD. While managing fluid intake may be important for individuals with certain cardiovascular or renal conditions, it is not a recognized strategy for preventing COPD exacerbations.
B.   Influenza vaccination is highly recommended for individuals with COPD. Respiratory infections, such as influenza (flu), can trigger exacerbations in COPD. By receiving an annual influenza vaccine, the client can reduce the risk of developing influenza-related exacerbations and complications.
C.   Pursed-lip breathing is a breathing technique that can help improve ventilation and decrease the work of breathing for individuals with COPD. It can be beneficial during exacerbations or episodes of dyspnea (shortness of breath). While it does not directly prevent exacerbations, it is a useful technique to manage symptoms and potentially reduce the severity of exacerbations.
D.   The tripod position, where a person leans forward with hands supported on their knees or another surface, can help COPD patients during exacerbations by allowing better chest expansion and improving breathing mechanics. It can relieve dyspnea and help stabilize breathing. While it does not prevent exacerbations, it is a helpful technique during episodes of increased respiratory distress.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A vegetarian diet typically does not directly contribute to bronchoconstriction. In fact, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may provide antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that can be beneficial for respiratory health. Therefore, this option is less likely to be a cause of the client's bronchoconstriction.
B. Rosuvastatin (and other statins) are generally well-tolerated, but some individuals may experience respiratory side effects, including cough or shortness of breath. However, bronchoconstriction as a direct side effect of statins is uncommon and typically not a primary concern unless there is a rare hypersensitivity reaction.
C. Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that can lead to bronchoconstriction, particularly in individuals with asthma or other respiratory conditions. Beta-blockers can block beta-2 receptors in the lungs, potentially causing constriction of the airways and worsening of respiratory symptoms.
D. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is generally considered safe and does not typically cause bronchoconstriction. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works differently from medications like beta-blockers, which directly affect the airways.

A. Heparin B. Adenosine C. Warfarin D. Digoxin

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Heparin is an anticoagulant medication used primarily to prevent and treat blood clots. It does not directly affect cardiac output or ejection fraction.
B. Adenosine is used to treat supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) by slowing conduction through the AV node. It does not directly affect cardiac output or ejection fraction in the context of heart failure.
C. Warfarin is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots. Similar to heparin, it does not affect cardiac output or ejection fraction.
D. Digoxin is a medication that increases the strength and efficiency of heart contractions (positive inotropic effect) and slows the heart rate (negative chronotropic effect). It is commonly used in heart failure to improve symptoms and increase cardiac output by enhancing the heart's ability to pump blood effectively.

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A nurse is discussing treatments and interventions with a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following would assist in preventing exacerbations?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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