A nurse is discussing treatments and interventions with a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following would assist in preventing exacerbations?

Limiting fluids during meals

Influenza vaccination

Pursed-lip breathing

Using the tripod position

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   This option is not directly related to preventing exacerbations in COPD. While managing fluid intake may be important for individuals with certain cardiovascular or renal conditions, it is not a recognized strategy for preventing COPD exacerbations.
B.   Influenza vaccination is highly recommended for individuals with COPD. Respiratory infections, such as influenza (flu), can trigger exacerbations in COPD. By receiving an annual influenza vaccine, the client can reduce the risk of developing influenza-related exacerbations and complications.
C.   Pursed-lip breathing is a breathing technique that can help improve ventilation and decrease the work of breathing for individuals with COPD. It can be beneficial during exacerbations or episodes of dyspnea (shortness of breath). While it does not directly prevent exacerbations, it is a useful technique to manage symptoms and potentially reduce the severity of exacerbations.
D.   The tripod position, where a person leans forward with hands supported on their knees or another surface, can help COPD patients during exacerbations by allowing better chest expansion and improving breathing mechanics. It can relieve dyspnea and help stabilize breathing. While it does not prevent exacerbations, it is a helpful technique during episodes of increased respiratory distress.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This option is appropriate because the client's low white blood cell count (3,100/mm³) suggests they are at risk for infection due to chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression. Using an electric shaver reduces the risk of cuts and nicks that could potentially lead to infections.

B. This option is not necessary based on the client's current lab results. Negative pressure isolation rooms are typically reserved for clients with severely compromised immune systems, such as those with very low neutrophil counts (neutropenia). A white blood cell count of 3,100/mm³ is within a range where standard precautions are usually sufficient.
C. This option addresses food safety precautions for clients with neutropenia (low white blood cell count). Raw vegetables, including salads, have a higher risk of harboring bacteria that could cause infections. Therefore, cooked vegetables are safer for clients with compromised immune systems.
D. This option is appropriate because chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (low platelet count of 280,000/mm³) increases the risk of bleeding. Forceful blowing of the nose can traumatize the nasal mucosa and increase the risk of nosebleeds. Dabbing the nose gently is a safer method to avoid nosebleeds.

A. The client follows a strict vegetarian diet. B. The client takes rosuvastatin for hyperlipidemia. C. The client takes propranolol for hypertension. D. The client uses acetaminophen for headaches

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A vegetarian diet typically does not directly contribute to bronchoconstriction. In fact, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may provide antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that can be beneficial for respiratory health. Therefore, this option is less likely to be a cause of the client's bronchoconstriction.
B. Rosuvastatin (and other statins) are generally well-tolerated, but some individuals may experience respiratory side effects, including cough or shortness of breath. However, bronchoconstriction as a direct side effect of statins is uncommon and typically not a primary concern unless there is a rare hypersensitivity reaction.
C. Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that can lead to bronchoconstriction, particularly in individuals with asthma or other respiratory conditions. Beta-blockers can block beta-2 receptors in the lungs, potentially causing constriction of the airways and worsening of respiratory symptoms.
D. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is generally considered safe and does not typically cause bronchoconstriction. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works differently from medications like beta-blockers, which directly affect the airways.

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A nurse is discussing treatments and interventions with a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following would assist in preventing exacerbations?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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