A nurse is discussing informed consent with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the information?

"A client must sign an Against Medical Advice form if he withdraws consent."

"A client can withdraw consent at any time after signing the informed consent form."

"A client who is involuntarily admitted to a mental health unit cannot withdraw consent for treatment.

"A client must provide a written refusal for a procedure for which he has already signed an informed consent."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "A client must sign an Against Medical Advice form if he withdraws consent.": An Against Medical Advice (AMA) form is specifically used when a client chooses to leave a healthcare facility against medical advice, not when they withdraw consent for a procedure. Withdrawing consent does not require an AMA form and follows a separate legal and ethical process.

B. "A client can withdraw consent at any time after signing the informed consent form.": Clients maintain the right to autonomy throughout their care, including the right to withdraw consent at any point before or during a procedure. Signing the form does not waive their right to change their mind, and healthcare providers must respect this decision without penalizing the client.

C. "A client who is involuntarily admitted to a mental health unit cannot withdraw consent for treatment.": Even clients who are involuntarily admitted retain certain rights, including the right to refuse specific treatments unless they are legally deemed incompetent or pose an imminent threat. Involuntary admission does not mean automatic consent to all treatments.

D. "A client must provide a written refusal for a procedure for which he has already signed an informed consent.": Clients can verbally withdraw consent at any time; a written refusal is not legally required. While documentation of the client's decision is necessary for the medical record, insisting on a written refusal is not a legal prerequisite for withdrawal of consent.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Hypertension: Hyponatremia typically leads to hypotension due to fluid shifts out of the vascular space rather than hypertension, especially if it is associated with hypovolemia. Low sodium levels can reduce blood volume and pressure, making hypertension an unlikely finding in this condition.

B. Muscle cramps: Muscle cramps are a common symptom of hyponatremia due to disrupted electrolyte balance affecting neuromuscular function. Low sodium levels impair muscle contraction and nerve signal transmission, leading to cramps, weakness, and fatigue.

C. Blurred vision: Blurred vision is not a typical manifestation of hyponatremia. While severe hyponatremia can cause neurological symptoms like confusion or seizures, visual disturbances like blurred vision are not primary signs linked to sodium imbalance.

D. Constipation: Constipation is more often associated with dehydration, immobility, or other electrolyte imbalances such as hypercalcemia. Hyponatremia primarily affects neuromuscular and central nervous system function rather than gastrointestinal motility.

A. Urinary catheter B. Wound vac C. Car seat D. Feeding pump

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Urinary catheter: A urinary catheter is not routinely required for infants with a spica cast. Unless there are specific urinary retention issues or surgical complications, normal voiding is expected, and a catheter would introduce unnecessary risk for infection.

B. Wound vac: A wound vac is used for complex wound management involving significant drainage or delayed healing. Infants with a spica cast typically do not have open wounds that necessitate negative pressure wound therapy, making this equipment unnecessary for discharge.

C. Car seat: A special car seat or car bed is necessary for safe transportation of an infant in a spica cast, as standard car seats cannot accommodate the wide leg positioning. Proper fitting ensures both safety and compliance with transportation regulations during discharge.

D. Feeding pump: A feeding pump is typically used for clients requiring continuous enteral feeding. Unless the infant has a separate feeding disorder or gastrointestinal complication, feeding by mouth is expected, and a feeding pump would not be standard discharge equipment.

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A nurse is discussing informed consent with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the information?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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