A nurse in a long-term care facility is caring for an older adult client who is anxious and has trouble sleeping at night. Which of the following nursing measures should the nurse implement?

Autonomy is the ethical principle that upholds an individual's right to make decisions about their own care and treatment. Respecting autonomy means acknowledging and honoring a person's right to make choices based on their own values, beliefs, and preferences. By importing a client's wishes to refuse prescribed treatments, the nurse is recognizing and respecting the client's autonomy. This shows that the nurse values the client's right to make decisions about their own healthcare and supports their choice, even if it may differ from what the nurse may recommend.

Incorrect:

A. Spending extra time to calm an agitated client demonstrates the ethical principle of beneficence, which is the duty to promote the well-being and welfare of the client.

B. Ensuring that a client understands expectations for group participation relates to the ethical principle of fidelity, which involves maintaining trust and keeping promises to the client.

C. Describing the adverse effects of a client's medications is important for informed consent and promoting understanding, but it does not directly involve the client's autonomy unless it is accompanied by a discussion of the client's choices and preferences regarding medication.

Cognitive reframing involves changing negative or unhelpful thought patterns into more positive and constructive ones. By learning to change negative thoughts into positive statements, the client is actively engaging in cognitive reframing. This process helps the client challenge and reframe negative thoughts, replacing them with more positive and adaptive thoughts. By doing so, the client can reduce stress, improve their mood, and approach challenging situations with a more positive mindset. This technique is an effective way to cope with stress and promote emotional well-being.

Incorrect:

A. The client trains his mind to relax by using deep inner resources. This choice refers to relaxation techniques, which can be helpful for stress reduction but are not specifically related to cognitive reframing. Cognitive reframing focuses on changing thought patterns rather than relaxation techniques.

B. The client learns the source of his stress by writing down daily events. While identifying the source of stress can be an important step in stress management, it is not specific to cognitive reframing. Cognitive reframing involves challenging and changing negative thoughts, rather than solely focusing on identifying stressors.

C. The client imagines being in a quiet, relaxing environment. This choice refers to visualization or guided imagery techniques, which can also be helpful for relaxation but are not specifically related to cognitive reframing. Cognitive reframing involves changing thoughts, beliefs, and interpretations, rather than focusing on imagining specific environments.