A nurse is reinforcing teaching about receiving epinephrine as an emergency intervention for anaphylaxis. Which of the following information should the nurse reinforce with the client?
Epinephrine relaxes the bronchioles and counteracts the effect of histamine
Epinephrine should be given along with a beta blocker.
Epinephrine should be administered intranasally
Epinephrine causes a decrease in blood pressure
The Correct Answer is A
A. Epinephrine relaxes the bronchioles and counteracts the effect of histamine: Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis because it rapidly relaxes bronchial smooth muscles, reducing airway constriction, and counteracts histamine's effects, which include vasodilation, edema, and hypotension. This helps restore breathing and circulation.
B. Epinephrine should be given along with a beta blocker: Administering epinephrine with a beta blocker is dangerous because beta blockers can reduce the effectiveness of epinephrine and may worsen bronchospasm. Beta blockers are not recommended during acute management of anaphylaxis.
C. Epinephrine should be administered intranasally: Epinephrine is typically administered intramuscularly (IM), usually into the thigh, during anaphylactic emergencies for rapid absorption. Intranasal administration is not effective for treating life-threatening systemic allergic reactions.
D. Epinephrine causes a decrease in blood pressure: Epinephrine actually increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction. This counters the dangerous hypotension that occurs during anaphylaxis, helping to stabilize cardiovascular function quickly.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Ringing in the ears: Ringing in the ears (tinnitus) is not a common adverse effect of enoxaparin. It is typically associated with medications like aspirin or other salicylates, not low-molecular-weight heparins like enoxaparin.
B. Black, tarry stools: Black, tarry stools are a sign of gastrointestinal bleeding, which is a serious potential adverse effect of anticoagulant medications like enoxaparin. Clients taking enoxaparin should be instructed to report this symptom immediately, as it could indicate internal bleeding.
C. Fine hand tremors: Fine hand tremors are not a known adverse effect of enoxaparin. They are more commonly associated with other medications, such as certain psychiatric drugs or neurologic conditions.
D. Diarrhea: Diarrhea is not a common adverse effect of enoxaparin. While gastrointestinal symptoms can occur with many medications, it is not a primary concern or indication for discontinuing enoxaparin.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Pain relieved by the prone position: Pain from acute pancreatitis is typically not relieved by lying prone. Clients often find some relief by sitting up, leaning forward, or assuming a fetal position, as these positions reduce pressure on the inflamed pancreas.
B. Decreased WBC count: Acute pancreatitis usually triggers an inflammatory response, leading to an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count, not a decreased one. Leukocytosis is a common laboratory finding associated with the body's reaction to inflammation and possible infection.
C. Hyperactive bowel sounds: In acute pancreatitis, bowel sounds are often decreased or absent due to paralytic ileus. Hyperactive bowel sounds would be more suggestive of other gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea or early intestinal obstruction.
D. Epigastric pain: Severe, persistent epigastric pain that may radiate to the back is the hallmark symptom of acute pancreatitis. This pain is typically sudden in onset and worsens after eating or drinking, especially fatty foods.
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