A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who is receiving a continuous IV infusion. Which of the following findings indicates fluid volume overload?

Decreased bowel sounds

Urine output of 360 mL/12 hr

Blood pressure of 100/74 mm Hg

Distended neck veins

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Decreased bowel sounds: Decreased bowel sounds are often associated with conditions like ileus, abdominal surgery, or bowel obstruction, rather than directly indicating fluid volume excess. Fluid overload typically affects the cardiovascular and respiratory systems first.

B. Urine output of 360 mL/12 hr: While this is a low urine output and could suggest dehydration or renal impairment, it is more indicative of fluid volume deficit rather than fluid volume excess. Excess fluid volume would generally be associated with adequate or increased urine output if renal function is normal.

C. Blood pressure of 100/74 mm Hg: This blood pressure reading is within normal limits for many adults and does not specifically suggest fluid overload. In cases of fluid volume excess, a client might actually exhibit elevated blood pressure due to increased circulatory volume.

D. Distended neck veins: Distended neck veins, also known as jugular venous distention, are a classic sign of fluid volume excess. They occur because increased intravascular volume causes elevated venous pressure, which becomes visible in the neck veins when the client is positioned at a 30- to 45-degree angle.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "I really wish I had a girl instead.": Expressing disappointment in the baby's gender may indicate difficulty bonding with the infant or potential postpartum emotional concerns. This statement warrants further evaluation to assess for postpartum depression or attachment issues.

B. "I am so relieved the baby looks like my mother.": Feeling relieved that the baby resembles a family member is a normal emotional reaction and does not typically require further psychological evaluation unless associated with more concerning behaviors.

C. "My labor was so long I'm glad it's over.": Expressing relief after a long labor is a normal reaction and does not indicate emotional distress or dysfunction that would need further mental health evaluation.

D. "My appetite has really increased.": An increased appetite two weeks postpartum is a normal physiological response as the body recovers from childbirth, particularly if the client is breastfeeding. It does not suggest a need for further emotional or physical evaluation.

A. Use a moisture barrier on the client's skin. B. Clean the client's skin with soap and hot water. C. Message the area around the client's coccyx. D. Limit the client's fluid intake

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Use a moisture barrier on the client's skin: Applying a moisture barrier cream helps protect the skin from irritation caused by constant exposure to stool and urine. It creates a protective layer that prevents breakdown, reduces friction, and maintains skin integrity in incontinent clients.

B. Clean the client's skin with soap and hot water: Using soap and hot water can strip the skin of natural oils and cause dryness or irritation, which increases the risk of breakdown. Gentle cleansing with mild soap and lukewarm water is recommended instead to preserve skin health.

C. Massage the area around the client's coccyx: Massaging bony prominences can damage fragile tissue and capillaries in older adults, increasing the risk for pressure injuries rather than preventing them. Light touch is appropriate, but firm massage should be avoided in at-risk areas.

D. Limit the client's fluid intake: Restricting fluids can lead to dehydration, concentrated urine, and an increased risk of urinary tract infections. Adequate hydration is essential to support overall health and skin resilience, even when managing incontinence.

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A nurse is assisting with the care of a client who is receiving a continuous IV infusion. Which of the following findings indicates fluid volume overload?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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