A nurse is discussing informatics with a newly licensed nurse. The nurse identifies that informatics is defined as the use of information and technology for which of the following?

Choice A reason: Irrigating and performing a dressing change for a client who has a pressure injury wound is not a task that the nurse should delegate to an AP. This task requires the nurse's clinical judgment, skill, and knowledge to assess the wound, select the appropriate dressing, and prevent infection. This task is also within the nurse's scope of practice, but not the AP's scope of practice.

Choice B reason: Administering oral PRN pain medication to a client who has arthritis is not a task that the nurse should delegate to an AP. This task involves the nurse's responsibility to evaluate the client's pain level, determine the need and the dosage of the medication, and monitor the client's response and side effects. This task is also within the nurse's scope of practice, but not the AP's scope of practice.

Choice C reason: Obtaining a daily weight on a client who has heart failure is a task that the nurse can delegate to an AP. This task is a routine and standardized procedure that does not require the nurse's clinical judgment, skill, or knowledge. This task is also within the AP's scope of practice, if the nurse provides clear directions and supervision.

Choice D reason: Reinforcing teaching the use of an incentive spirometer to a postoperative client is not a task that the nurse should delegate to an AP. This task involves the nurse's role to educate the client about the purpose, benefits, and technique of using the incentive spirometer, and to evaluate the client's understanding and compliance. This task is also within the nurse's scope of practice, but not the AP's scope of practice.

Choice A reason: Preventing opioid use is not a benefit of de-escalation techniques. Opioid use is a complex issue that involves biological, psychological, and social factors, and cannot be prevented by simply deescalating emotional situations. De-escalation techniques may help to calm or soothe someone who is experiencing pain or distress, but they do not address the underlying causes or consequences of opioid use.

Choice B reason: Increasing communication is not a benefit of de-escalation techniques, but a means or a strategy to achieve de-escalation. Communication is an essential skill that helps to deescalate emotional situations by listening, validating, empathizing, and problem solving with the other person. Communication can also help to prevent or reduce conflicts, misunderstandings, and aggression. However, communication is not an outcome or a result of de-escalation, but a process or a tool to facilitate de-escalation.

Choice C reason: Decreasing hallucinations is not a benefit of de-escalation techniques. Hallucinations are perceptual disturbances that involve seeing, hearing, feeling, smelling, or tasting things that are not there. Hallucinations can be caused by various factors, such as mental disorders, neurological conditions, substance use, or medication side effects. De-escalation techniques may help to manage or cope with hallucinations, but they do not treat or eliminate them.

Choice D reason: Reducing restraint use is a benefit of de-escalation techniques. Restraint use is a practice that involves restricting the movement or behavior of a person who poses a risk of harm to themselves or others. Restraint use can have negative effects on the physical and psychological wellbeing of the person, such as injuries, infections, agitation, and trauma. De-escalation techniques can help to avoid or minimize the need for restraint use by resolving or calming emotional situations in a safe and respectful manner.