A nurse is discussing adverse reactions to pain medications in older adult clients with a newly licensed nurse.

Which of the following findings should the nurse include as risk factors for an adverse drug reaction? (Select all that apply)

Decreased percentage of body fat.

Multiple health problems.

Increased rate of absorption.

Polypharmacy.

Decreased renal function.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D,E

Older adults are at higher risk of adverse drug reactions due to multiple health problems, polypharmacy, and decreased renal function.

These factors can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of pain medications and increase the likelihood of drug interactions, overdosage, or toxicity.

Choice A is wrong because the decreased percentage of body fat does not increase the risk of adverse drug reactions in older adults.

In fact, an increased percentage of body fat can alter the distribution and elimination of some drugs.

Choice C is wrong because an increased rate of absorption does not increase the risk of adverse drug reactions in older adults.

In fact, decreased rate of absorption can occur due to reduced gastric motility and blood flow.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This is because fever is a common sign of an acute infusion reaction that can occur when receiving IV amphotericin B. An acute infusion reaction is caused by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from the fungal cell wall disruption by amphotericin B. It usually occurs within the first hour of infusion and can be prevented by administering pre-medications such as antipyretics, antihistamines, or corticosteroids.

Choice A. Pedal edema is wrong because it is not a typical sign of an acute infusion reaction.

Pedal edema may indicate fluid overload, heart failure, or renal impairment, which are not directly related to amphotericin B infusion.

Choice C. Dry cough is wrong because it is not a typical sign of an acute infusion reaction.

Dry cough may indicate an allergic reaction, pulmonary infection, or interstitial lung disease, which are not directly related to amphotericin B infusion. Choice D. Hyperglycemia is wrong because it is not a typical sign of an acute infusion reaction.

Hyperglycemia may indicate diabetes mellitus, steroid use, or stress response, which are not directly related to amphotericin B infusion.

A. Insert the needle at least 5 cm (2 in) from the umbilicus. B. Massage the site after administering the medication. C. Use a 21-gauge needle for the injection. D. Aspirate before injecting the medication.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This is because the umbilicus is a potential site of infection and should be avoided when administering subcutaneous heparin.

Choice B is wrong because massaging the site after administering the medication can cause bruising and hematoma formation.

Choice C is wrong because a 21-gauge needle is too large for subcutaneous injection and can cause tissue trauma and bleeding.

A smaller needle, such as 25- or 27-gauge, should be used.

Choice D is wrong because aspirating before injecting the medication can increase the risk of hematoma formation and is not recommended for subcutaneous heparin.

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A nurse is discussing adverse reactions to pain medications in older adult clients with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following findings should the nurse include as risk factors for an adverse drug reaction? (Select all that apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is monitoring for an infusion reaction for a client who is receiving a dose of IV amphotericin B. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing an acute infusion reaction?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer subcutaneous heparin to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A nurse is discussing adverse reactions to pain medications in older adult clients with a newly licensed nurse.

Which of the following findings should the nurse include as risk factors for an adverse drug reaction? (Select all that apply)