A nurse is completing a health history for a client who is at 6 weeks of gestation. The client informs the nurse that she smokes one pack of cigarettes per day. The nurse should advise the
client that smoking places the client's newborn at risk for which of the following complications?

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Hearing loss

Congenital heart defects

Intrauterine growth restriction

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A: Smoking is not directly associated with the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus in the baby.

Choice B: While smoking during pregnancy can have various effects on the baby's health, hearing loss is not one of the common complications.

Choice C: Although smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of congenital heart defects, intrauterine growth restriction is a more likely complication based on the client's smoking history.

Choice D: Smoking during pregnancy is associated with various adverse outcomes for both the mother and the baby. It can cause intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), where the baby does not grow at the expected rate and has a lower birth weight. Smoking reduces blood flow to the placenta, which can affect the baby's growth and development.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A: The client should not lie on her back during the NST because the supine position can compress the vena cava and reduce blood flow to the placenta and the baby. The NST is typically done with the client in a semireclined or left lateral position to ensure optimal blood flow to the baby.

Choice B: Monitoring the baby's heart rate is a correct statement and a standard part of the NST procedure.

Choice C: The duration mentioned (20 to 30 minutes) is accurate for the average NST timeframe.

Choice D: Scheduling the NST when the baby is usually active is also a correct statement, as fetal movement during the test is an important aspect of evaluating fetal wellbeing.

A. Variable decelerations B. Late decelerations C. Accelerations D. Early decelerations

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A: Variable decelerations on the fetal heart rate monitor tracing are suggestive of umbilical cord compression. These decelerations are often V, U, or Wshaped, and their onset, depth, and duration can vary. They are associated with cord compression, which can reduce blood flow to the fetus during contractions. Other options are as follows:

Choice B: Late decelerations are indicative of uteroplacental insufficiency and are not related to umbilical cord problems.

Choice C: Accelerations are reassuring and suggest a responsive, healthy fetus.

Choice D: Early decelerations are usually benign and result from head compression during contractions, not umbilical cord issues.

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A nurse is completing a health history for a client who is at 6 weeks of gestation. The client informs the nurse that she smokes one pack of cigarettes per day. The nurse should advise the client that smoking places the client's newborn at risk for which of the following complications?

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A nurse is completing a health history for a client who is at 6 weeks of gestation. The client informs the nurse that she smokes one pack of cigarettes per day. The nurse should advise the
client that smoking places the client's newborn at risk for which of the following complications?