A nurse is collecting data from a newborn who has fetal alcohol syndrome. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse (Select all that apply.)

Mongolian spots

Microcephaly

Single palmar crease

Thin upper lip

Small eyes

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,D,E

A) Mongolian spots: Mongolian spots are common in newborns of Asian, Hispanic, and African descent and are not specifically associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). These spots are bluish-gray or purple and typically fade over time, but they are not a manifestation of FAS.

B) Microcephaly: Microcephaly, which is an abnormally small head, is a common feature of fetal alcohol syndrome. This condition results from the effects of alcohol on the developing brain during pregnancy, leading to a smaller-than-normal head size.

C) Single palmar crease: A single palmar crease is a common finding in Down syndrome and can occur in other conditions as well, but it is not a hallmark feature of fetal alcohol syndrome. While it may occasionally be seen in infants with FAS, it is not one of the most common or defining characteristics.

D) Thin upper lip: A thin upper lip is one of the hallmark facial features of fetal alcohol syndrome. It is part of the characteristic "facial dysmorphology" seen in FAS, along with other features such as a smooth philtrum

E) Small eyes: Small eyes, or microphthalmia, are also a characteristic feature of fetal alcohol syndrome. This abnormal eye size, along with other facial abnormalities, is often seen in infants affected by FAS.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) "My baby will receive the rotavirus immunization orally.":
This statement is correct. The rotavirus vaccine is given orally in two or three doses depending on the specific vaccine used (Rotarix or RotaTeq). The vaccine is administered in the mouth and helps protect against rotavirus infections, which can cause severe diarrhea in infants and young children.

B) "I should expect my baby to have a high fever for 24 hours after an immunization.":
This statement is incorrect. While it is common for infants to experience mild side effects after immunizations, such as a low-grade fever or irritability, a high fever is not typically expected. If the baby develops a high fever (above 100.4°F), the guardian should seek advice from the healthcare provider, as it could indicate a reaction or infection.

C) "I should not feed my baby anything for hours prior to an immunization.":
This statement is incorrect. There is no need to withhold feeding before an immunization, and the baby should be fed as usual. In fact, feeding the infant before the appointment may help comfort them and reduce stress during the visit.

D) "My baby will receive three doses of the meningococcal immunization before kindergarten.":
This statement is incorrect. The meningococcal vaccine is typically administered starting at age 11, with a second dose given at age 16. For infants and young children, the vaccine is not part of the routine immunization schedule. Meningococcal vaccination before kindergarten is not recommended for infants at 2 months of age.

A. Put small cushion under the newborn's head for support. B. Position the car seat at a 90° angle. C. Place the shoulder harnesses at the level of the infant's shoulders. D. Keep the airbag on if the car seat is in the front seat.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) "Put small cushion under the newborn's head for support.":
This statement is incorrect. Placing a small cushion or any additional padding under a newborn’s head in a car seat is not recommended. Extra padding can interfere with the proper fit of the harness and could pose a safety risk in the event of a crash. The car seat should be used as designed, without extra padding that could affect the infant's positioning.

B) "Position the car seat at a 90° angle.":
This statement is incorrect. The car seat should be positioned at a 45-degree angle, not 90 degrees. A 45-degree angle helps prevent the infant’s head from falling forward, which can obstruct the airway and cause breathing difficulties. Positioning the seat at the correct angle ensures that the baby’s head and neck are properly supported.

C) "Place the shoulder harnesses at the level of the infant's shoulders.":
This statement is correct. For optimal safety, the shoulder harness straps should be at or just below the infant's shoulders when they are in a rear-facing car seat. This positioning helps to keep the baby secure and ensures the harness fits properly in the event of an accident. The harness should be snug and positioned correctly to provide the best protection.

D) "Keep the airbag on if the car seat is in the front seat.":
This statement is incorrect. It is recommended that infants and young children always be placed in a rear-facing car seat in the back seat of the vehicle, as this is the safest position. Airbags can be dangerous to infants if the car seat is in the front seat. If the car seat must be placed in the front seat (which is not recommended), the airbag should be turned off to prevent injury in the event of a crash.

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A nurse is collecting data from a newborn who has fetal alcohol syndrome. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse (Select all that apply.)

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