A nurse is collecting data from a client who is malnourished due to inflammatory bowel disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Brittle hair

Yellow conjunctivae

Bradycardia

Clubbing of the fingernails

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Brittle hair: Malnutrition often leads to protein and micronutrient deficiencies, which impair hair growth and texture, resulting in dry, brittle, or thinning hair. This is a common visible sign in clients with poor nutritional status.

B. Yellow conjunctivae: Yellowing of the conjunctivae typically indicates jaundice due to liver dysfunction or hemolysis, not malnutrition from inflammatory bowel disease. It reflects bilirubin accumulation rather than nutrient deficiency.

C. Bradycardia: While bradycardia may occur in severe starvation or electrolyte imbalance, it is not a consistent or early indicator of malnutrition from inflammatory bowel disease. It requires further context to be clinically relevant.

D. Clubbing of the fingernails: Clubbing is associated with chronic hypoxia or pulmonary/cardiac conditions. It is not commonly linked to malnutrition or inflammatory bowel disease unless there are severe complications such as chronic anemia or hypoxia.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Testicular examination: Testicular cancer screening is typically encouraged from adolescence to around age 35, as it is more common in younger men. Routine testicular exams are not specifically recommended starting at age 50.

B. Colonoscopy: Colorectal cancer screening, such as colonoscopy, should begin at age 45 or 50 for individuals at average risk. It is a key preventive measure for detecting colorectal cancer in its early stages.

C. Clinical breast examination: Clinical breast exams may be done earlier, typically starting in the 20s or 30s, depending on risk factors. They are not newly initiated at age 50.

D. Fasting blood glucose: Screening for diabetes may begin as early as age 35 in adults with risk factors. It is important but not specifically recommended as a new screening starting at age 50.

A. "I should stop receiving Papanicolaou tests once I reach menopause." B. "I might have headaches due to a decline in my estrogen levels." C. "The best time to perform a breast self-examination is on the first day of my period." D. "I can expect to have regular periods until I am in menopause."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. "I should stop receiving Papanicolaou tests once I reach menopause”: Discontinuing Pap tests solely based on menopause is not recommended. Screening continues until at least age 65, depending on the individual's health history and prior screening results. Regular cervical cancer screening is important for early detection, even after menstruation stops.

B. "I might have headaches due to a decline in my estrogen levels”: Fluctuating and declining estrogen levels during perimenopause can trigger headaches or worsen existing ones. Hormonal changes affect blood vessels and neurotransmitters, contributing to the development of migraines or tension headaches in many women during this stage.

C. "The best time to perform a breast self-examination is on the first day of my period”: The ideal time is 7 to 10 days after the start of the menstrual period, when hormonal influence on breast tissue is minimal. Performing it on the first day of menstruation may result in increased tenderness and swelling, making it harder to detect abnormalities.

D. "I can expect to have regular periods until I am in menopause.": Perimenopause is typically marked by irregular menstrual cycles due to hormonal shifts. Periods may become lighter, heavier, more or less frequent before stopping altogether.

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A nurse is collecting data from a client who is malnourished due to inflammatory bowel disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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