A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who is scheduled for surgery.

Exhibits

The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following findings places the client at risk for delayed wound healing. Select all that apply.

A. History of diabetes mellitus: Diabetes causes impaired blood flow and neuropathy, which delay wound healing by reducing oxygen and nutrient delivery to tissues and increasing infection risk.

B. Prealbumin level: A low prealbumin level reflects inadequate protein stores, which are critical for cellular repair, immune function, and the synthesis of collagen during wound healing.

C. Cholesterol level: While elevated cholesterol increases cardiovascular risk, it does not directly affect the biochemical processes involved in wound healing or tissue repair.

D. Mini Nutritional Assessment screening tool score: A low score indicates poor nutritional status, often linked with deficiencies in vitamins, minerals, and protein that are necessary for effective tissue repair and immune response.

E. History of malnutrition: Malnutrition results in diminished energy reserves and nutrient deficiencies, both of which weaken the body's capacity to regenerate tissue and fight infections, prolonging wound healing time.

F. History of hyperlipidemia: Hyperlipidemia contributes to atherosclerosis but is not directly associated with impaired wound healing or immune function necessary for tissue recovery.

A. Turn on loud music in client care areas: Loud music can increase noise levels, which contributes to environmental stress and can disrupt clients’ rest and recovery. It is generally contraindicated in acute care settings where reducing stress and promoting healing are priorities.

B. Assign different nurses to provide care for clients each day: Frequent changes in caregivers can increase client anxiety and stress by reducing continuity of care and trust. Consistent assignments promote familiarity, comfort, and better communication between clients and caregivers.

C. Restrict the number of visitors for clients: Limiting visitors helps reduce noise and overcrowding, which are common environmental stressors in acute care units. This strategy supports a calmer environment conducive to client rest and recovery while maintaining essential social support.

D. Offer the clients many choices regarding care: While offering choices can promote autonomy, providing too many options may overwhelm clients, especially those who are ill or stressed. Simplifying decisions helps reduce cognitive overload and environmental stress.