A nurse is collecting data from a client who is experiencing opioid withdrawal. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

A. Lithium can affect sodium and potassium balance in the body, but it does not specifically require a decrease in dietary potassium. Instead, sodium intake should be kept consistent because lithium excretion is influenced by sodium levels. Therefore, decreasing dietary potassium is not a recommended intervention.
B. Lithium can sometimes cause weight gain as a side effect. Increasing daily caloric intake is not a standard intervention when starting lithium. Clients should be encouraged to maintain a balanced diet and regular exercise regimen to manage potential weight changes.

C. Hypoglycemia is not a common side effect of lithium. Therefore, monitoring for hypoglycemia is not necessary when a client is taking lithium.
D. Administering lithium with meals can help reduce gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea and upset stomach, which are common when starting the medication. It also helps with consistent absorption and reduces the peak serum concentration of lithium, which can minimize side effects and stabilize blood levels.

A. Unlike anorexia nervosa, where individuals typically appear underweight, people with bulimia nervosa often maintain a body weight within the normal or even overweight range. This can make it challenging to identify based on physical appearance alone, as individuals may hide their binge-eating and purging behaviors.
B. Individuals with bulimia nervosa often engage in episodes of binge-eating, during which they consume large amounts of food in a short period and feel a loss of control over their eating. This is followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives or diuretics, fasting, or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain.
C. Bulimia nervosa does not directly increase the risk of developing diabetes mellitus. However, the binge-eating episodes characteristic of bulimia can lead to metabolic disturbances and insulin resistance over time. This can potentially increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in individuals who are predisposed or have other risk factors.
D. While self-induced vomiting is a common purging method in bulimia nervosa, there are other ways individuals may attempt to compensate for binge-eating episodes, such as excessive exercise, fasting, or misuse of laxatives or diuretics. The key diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa include recurrent episodes of binge-eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain.