A nurse is collecting data from a client who has shallow respirations and a respiratory rate of 9/min.
Which of the following acid-base imbalances should the nurse expect?

Metabolic acidosis.

Respiratory alkalosis.

Metabolic alkalosis.

Respiratory acidosis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale:

A respiratory rate of 9/min and shallow respirations are indicative of hypoventilation, which can lead to an accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. This condition results in respiratory acidosis (Choice D). In respiratory acidosis, the arterial pH is decreased (acidic) while the PaCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) is elevated.

Choice B rationale:

Respiratory alkalosis (Choice B) is characterized by a low PaCO2 and an elevated pH due to hyperventilation. Shallow respirations and a respiratory rate of 9/min do not align with this condition, as it typically involves rapid and deep breathing.

Choice C rationale:

Metabolic alkalosis (Choice C) results from a primary excess of bicarbonate (HCO3-) in the blood and is not associated with the given respiratory patterns. Shallow respirations and a low respiratory rate are more likely to lead to an accumulation of CO2, causing respiratory acidosis (Choice D).

Choice D rationale:

The correct answer is choice D. Shallow respirations and a respiratory rate of 9/min indicate hypoventilation, leading to an accumulation of CO2 in the blood. This condition results in respiratory acidosis, where the arterial pH is decreased. The body's compensatory response is to retain bicarbonate to normalize pH, but this can result in an elevated HCO3- level. The primary acid-base imbalance in this case is respiratory acidosis. .

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Hypoglycemia Hypokalemia (low potassium levels) is not typically associated with hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Hypokalemia primarily affects the function of muscles and nerves, and it does not directly influence blood glucose levels.

Choice B rationale:

Cardiac dysrhythmias Hypokalemia can lead to cardiac dysrhythmias. Potassium plays a crucial role in maintaining the electrical activity of the heart, and low potassium levels can disrupt normal cardiac rhythms, potentially leading to life-threatening arrhythmias. Cardiac dysrhythmias are a well-recognized complication of severe hypokalemia, making this choice the correct one.

Choice C rationale:

Increased appetite Hypokalemia is not associated with an increased appetite. In fact, it can lead to gastrointestinal disturbances, such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, which may decrease appetite. The primary manifestations of hypokalemia are related to muscle weakness and cardiac abnormalities.

Choice D rationale:

Hyperreflexia Hyperreflexia (excessive reflex responses) is not a typical manifestation of hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is more commonly associated with muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiac disturbances. Hyperreflexia is often seen in conditions of excessive calcium levels (hypercalcemia) or neurological disorders, not hypokalemia.

A. Provide samples for sputum cultures every 6 weeks. B. Consume alcohol in moderation while taking antituberculosis medications. C. Wear a mask while out or around crowds of people. D. Place tissue soiled with respiratory secretions in a paper bag for later disposal.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Providing samples for sputum cultures every 6 weeks is not a necessary instruction for a client with pulmonary tuberculosis. Sputum cultures are typically performed at specific intervals to monitor the progress of treatment and assess for bacterial resistance. This information is essential for healthcare providers but not for the client's daily care and safety.

Choice B rationale:

Consuming alcohol in moderation while taking antituberculosis medications is not recommended. Alcohol can interact with these medications and reduce their effectiveness. It is essential to advise the client to avoid alcohol completely while on tuberculosis treatment to ensure the best possible outcome.

Choice C rationale:

Wearing a mask while out or around crowds of people is a crucial precaution to prevent the spread of tuberculosis, which is highly contagious. Tuberculosis is transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, making mask-wearing an effective measure to protect both the client and others. This instruction promotes the safety of the client and the community.

Choice D rationale:

Placing tissue soiled with respiratory secretions in a paper bag for later disposal is not a recommended practice. Infectious material should be properly disposed of in biohazard containers or bags designed for infectious waste. This instruction does not follow the standard safety protocols for managing infectious materials and is not in the best interest of the client's health.

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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has shallow respirations and a respiratory rate of 9/min.Which of the following acid-base imbalances should the nurse expect?

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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has shallow respirations and a respiratory rate of 9/min.
Which of the following acid-base imbalances should the nurse expect?