A nurse is collecting data from a client who has shallow respirations and a respiratory rate of 9/min.
Which of the following acid-base imbalances should the nurse expect?

Metabolic acidosis.

Respiratory alkalosis.

Metabolic alkalosis.

Respiratory acidosis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale:

A respiratory rate of 9/min and shallow respirations are indicative of hypoventilation, which can lead to an accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood. This condition results in respiratory acidosis (Choice D). In respiratory acidosis, the arterial pH is decreased (acidic) while the PaCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) is elevated.

Choice B rationale:

Respiratory alkalosis (Choice B) is characterized by a low PaCO2 and an elevated pH due to hyperventilation. Shallow respirations and a respiratory rate of 9/min do not align with this condition, as it typically involves rapid and deep breathing.

Choice C rationale:

Metabolic alkalosis (Choice C) results from a primary excess of bicarbonate (HCO3-) in the blood and is not associated with the given respiratory patterns. Shallow respirations and a low respiratory rate are more likely to lead to an accumulation of CO2, causing respiratory acidosis (Choice D).

Choice D rationale:

The correct answer is choice D. Shallow respirations and a respiratory rate of 9/min indicate hypoventilation, leading to an accumulation of CO2 in the blood. This condition results in respiratory acidosis, where the arterial pH is decreased. The body's compensatory response is to retain bicarbonate to normalize pH, but this can result in an elevated HCO3- level. The primary acid-base imbalance in this case is respiratory acidosis. .

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is choiceA. Heart rate 50/min.

Choice A rationale:

Atenolol is a beta-blocker that can significantly lower heart rate.A heart rate of 50/min is considered bradycardia (slow heart rate), and administering atenolol could further decrease the heart rate to a dangerously low level. Therefore, the nurse should withhold the medication in this case.

Choice B rationale:

A respiratory rate of 18/min is within the normal range (12-20 breaths per minute) and does not contraindicate the use of atenolol. Therefore, this finding would not require withholding the medication.

Choice C rationale:

An oxygen saturation of 95% is within the normal range (typically 95-100%) and does not contraindicate the use of atenolol. Thus, this finding would not necessitate withholding the medication.

Choice D rationale:

While a blood pressure of 160/94 mm Hg indicates hypertension, atenolol is often prescribed to manage high blood pressure. Therefore, this finding would not require withholding the medication.

A. "I will drink about 34 ounces of fluid every day.”. B. "I will inhale slowly through pursed lips to help me breathe better.”. C. "I will follow a diet high in calories and protein.”. D. "I will lie on my stomach to practice abdominal breathing every day.”. .

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The correct answer is choice C: “I will follow a diet high in calories and protein.”

Here are the rationales for each choice:

Choice A rationale:“I will drink about 34 ounces of fluid every day.” While staying hydrated is important for overall health, this statement does not specifically address a key self-management strategy for emphysema. Adequate fluid intake can help thin mucus, making it easier to expel, but it is not the most critical aspect of managing emphysema.

Choice B rationale:“I will inhale slowly through pursed lips to help me breathe better.” This statement is incorrect because the correct technique is toexhalethrough pursed lips, not inhale. Pursed-lip breathing helps to keep the airways open longer, reduce shortness of breath, and improve the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Choice C rationale:“I will follow a diet high in calories and protein.” This is the correct answer. Emphysema can increase the body’s energy expenditure due to the effort required for breathing. A diet high in calories and protein helps maintain muscle mass and provides the necessary energy to support respiratory function.

Choice D rationale:“I will lie on my stomach to practice abdominal breathing every day.” This statement is not recommended for emphysema management. While abdominal or diaphragmatic breathing can be beneficial, lying on the stomach is not a typical position for practicing this technique. It is usually done while sitting or lying on the back.

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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has shallow respirations and a respiratory rate of 9/min.Which of the following acid-base imbalances should the nurse expect?

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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has shallow respirations and a respiratory rate of 9/min.
Which of the following acid-base imbalances should the nurse expect?