A nurse is collecting data from a client who has emphysema.
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.).

Dyspnea.

Bradycardia.

Clubbing of the fingers.

Barrel chest.

Shallow respirations.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

Choice A rationale:

Dyspnea is a common finding in clients with emphysema. Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by the destruction of the alveoli in the lungs, leading to difficulty breathing and shortness of breath. The loss of alveoli reduces the surface area for gas exchange, causing dyspnea.

Choice B rationale:

Bradycardia is not typically associated with emphysema. In fact, it is more common for clients with emphysema to have an increased heart rate (tachycardia) due to the body's compensatory response to low oxygen levels in the blood.

Choice C rationale:

Clubbing of the fingers is often seen in clients with chronic respiratory conditions like emphysema. It is a result of chronic hypoxia and is characterized by the abnormal rounding and thickening of the fingertips and nail beds.

Choice D rationale:

Barrel chest is a common physical finding in clients with emphysema. It is characterized by an increase in the anteroposterior diameter of the chest due to overinflation of the lungs. This change in chest shape is a result of chronic air trapping and hyperinflation, which are hallmarks of emphysema.

Choice E rationale:

Shallow respirations are expected in clients with emphysema. Due to the loss of alveolar elasticity and increased airway resistance, clients with emphysema tend to take shallow breaths, which are less effective for oxygen exchange.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Skipping coffee on the morning of the exercise ECG stress test is a good idea as caffeine can affect heart rate and blood pressure, but it doesn't necessarily indicate the need for further instructions.

Choice B rationale:

Getting 8 hours of sleep the night before the test is a positive choice and promotes overall well-being, but it is not a specific indicator of needing further instructions for the test.

Choice C rationale:

Not smoking before the test is an appropriate action, as smoking can also affect heart rate and blood pressure during the test. However, it does not indicate a need for further instructions.

Choice D rationale:

Expecting to feel chest pain during an exercise ECG stress test is not correct and indicates a need for further instructions. Chest pain during the test can be a sign of cardiovascular issues and should be reported immediately.

A. Captopril. B. Metoprolol. C. Furosemide. D. Digoxin.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is A. Captopril.

Choice A: Captopril Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used to treat conditions like high blood pressure and heart failure. One of the common side effects of ACE inhibitors is a persistent, non-productive cough. This cough occurs due to the accumulation of bradykinin, a potent peptide that can induce coughing.

Choice B: Metoprolol Metoprolol is a beta-blocker used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. Common side effects include dizziness, slow or irregular heartbeat, and unusual tiredness or weakness. However, it is not typically associated with a non-productive cough.

Choice C: Furosemide Furosemide is a loop diuretic used to treat fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, liver disease, or a kidney disorder. While it can cause side effects like diarrhea, constipation, and loss of appetite, a non-productive cough is not a typical side effect of Furosemide.

Choice D: Digoxin Digoxin is used to treat heart failure and irregular heartbeat. Common side effects include dizziness, slow or irregular heartbeat, and unusual tiredness or weakness. However, a non-productive cough is not a typical side effect of Digoxin.

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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has emphysema.Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.).

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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has emphysema.
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.).