A nurse is collecting data from a client who has hyponatremia.
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Hypertension.

Constipation.

Muscle cramps.

Blurred vision.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale:

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is not typically associated with hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is characterized by low levels of sodium in the blood, which can lead to symptoms such as headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and muscle cramps. Hypertension is more commonly associated with conditions like hypertension itself or conditions that cause fluid retention.

Choice B rationale:

Constipation is not a typical finding in hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is more likely to cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. Constipation is not a direct consequence of low sodium levels in the blood.

Choice C rationale:

Muscle cramps are a common manifestation of hyponatremia. Low sodium levels can lead to an imbalance in electrolytes, affecting muscle function and leading to muscle cramps and weakness. Monitoring for muscle cramps is important in clients with hyponatremia.

Choice D rationale:

Blurred vision is not a classic symptom of hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is more likely to cause neurological symptoms such as confusion, headache, and in severe cases, seizures. Blurred vision is typically associated with other eye or visual disorders and not directly related to low sodium levels in the blood.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Informed consent is required for invasive procedures that carry significant risks or potential complications. Placement of a central venous catheter is an invasive procedure that involves inserting a catheter into a large vein, often in the neck, chest, or groin. It carries potential risks such as infection, bleeding, and injury to nearby structures. Therefore, informed consent is necessary before performing this procedure.

Choice B rationale:

Insertion of a nasogastric tube is an invasive procedure, but it is generally considered a routine and less risky procedure compared to others. Informed consent is typically not required for nasogastric tube insertion unless there are specific institutional policies or the client lacks decision-making capacity.

Choice C rationale:

Irrigation of a wound with antibiotic solution is a standard nursing procedure, and informed consent is not typically required for wound care unless there are specific circumstances that make it necessary, such as unusual risks or patient-specific considerations.

Choice D rationale:

Administration of an iron injection using Z-track technique is also an invasive procedure, but it is a common and well-established technique for administering intramuscular injections. Informed consent is not routinely required for this procedure unless there are specific institutional policies or the client's condition warrants it.

A. Decreased skin turgor. B. Decreased blood pressure. C. Weight loss. D. Crackles heard in the lungs.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Decreased skin turgor. Decreased skin turgor is a sign of dehydration rather than fluid overload. In fluid overload, the body retains excess fluid, leading to symptoms like crackles in the lungs, edema, and increased blood pressure. Decreased skin turgor is more characteristic of dehydration, where the body loses fluid.

Choice B rationale:

Decreased blood pressure. Decreased blood pressure is not typically a manifestation of fluid overload. Fluid overload often leads to increased blood pressure as the heart has to work harder to pump excess fluid throughout the body.

Choice C rationale:

Weight loss. Weight loss is not a manifestation of fluid overload. In fact, fluid overload may lead to weight gain due to the retention of excess fluid in the body.

Choice D rationale:

Crackles heard in the lungs. Crackles heard in the lungs are a common manifestation of fluid overload. When there is an excessive accumulation of fluid in the lungs, it can interfere with the exchange of gases and cause crackling sounds during breathing. This is a significant clinical finding that indicates the need for intervention and assessment of fluid balance.

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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has hyponatremia.Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has hyponatremia.
Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?