A nurse is collecting data from a client who has hyperparathyroidism and is receiving 0.9% sodium chloride via IV infusion. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of the treatment?
New onset of hearing loss
Kussmaul respirations
Hyperthermia
Chvostek's sig
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. New onset of hearing loss: Hearing loss is not a typical adverse effect of 0.9% sodium chloride infusion. It may occur with high-dose loop diuretics like furosemide but is unrelated to isotonic fluid administration or hyperparathyroidism management.
B. Kussmaul respirations: These are deep, rapid respirations seen in metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis. They are not associated with isotonic fluid infusion or calcium disturbances in hyperparathyroidism.
C. Hyperthermia: Elevated body temperature is not linked to 0.9% sodium chloride infusion. Hyperthermia may occur with infections or neurologic injury, but not as a direct consequence of isotonic fluid therapy.
D. Chvostek's sign: Chvostek's sign is a clinical indicator of hypocalcemia, which can occur as an adverse effect of 0.9% sodium chloride infusion in clients with hyperparathyroidism. Large volumes of saline increase calcium excretion, potentially leading to low serum calcium levels.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Nifedipine: Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that helps reduce myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing afterload and dilating coronary arteries. However, it is not the priority in acute chest pain management because it has a slower onset compared to nitroglycerin.
B. Nitroglycerin: Nitroglycerin is the priority medication for acute angina. It works rapidly by dilating coronary arteries and reducing myocardial oxygen demand, which helps relieve chest pressure and prevent progression to myocardial infarction.
C. Atenolol: Atenolol, a beta-blocker, decreases heart rate and contractility to reduce myocardial oxygen consumption. While useful for long-term angina management, it is not the first-line agent for immediate chest pain relief in acute settings.
D. Clopidogrel: Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet agent that prevents clot formation, often used in long-term management or following stent placement. It does not provide immediate relief from angina and is therefore not the priority medication in this scenario.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Respiratory acidosis: Chronic diarrhea typically causes metabolic acidosis due to loss of bicarbonate in the stool, not respiratory acidosis. Respiratory acidosis results from hypoventilation and CO₂ retention, unrelated to diarrhea.
B. Hypertension: Chronic diarrhea often leads to fluid and electrolyte imbalances causing hypotension or low blood pressure due to dehydration, rather than hypertension.
C. Hypokalemia: Diarrhea causes significant potassium loss through the gastrointestinal tract, leading to hypokalemia. Low potassium levels can result in muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiac arrhythmias.
D. Hypermagnesemia: Magnesium is usually lost during diarrhea, which more commonly leads to hypomagnesemia rather than elevated magnesium levels. Hypermagnesemia is rare unless there is excessive intake or renal failure.
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