A nurse is collecting data for a client’s health history as well as physical examination.
Which of the following information should the nurse identify as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus?

History of exercise-induced asthma.

Age 35 years.

History of mumps.

BMI 32.2.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

BMI 32.2.

A high body mass index (BMI) is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, as it indicates overweight or obesity.

Overweight or obesity can cause insulin resistance, which means the body cells do not respond well to insulin and cannot take up glucose from the blood. This leads to high blood sugar levels and diabetes.

Choice A is wrong because history of exercise-induced asthma is not a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Asthma is a respiratory condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, but it does not affect the metabolism of glucose or insulin.

Choice B is wrong because age 35 years is not a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Although the risk of diabetes increases with age, especially after 45 years, it can also occur in younger people.

Age alone is not enough to cause diabetes.

Choice C is wrong because history of mumps is not a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Mumps is a viral infection that affects the salivary glands, but it does not damage the pancreas or impair insulin production.

Some other risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus are family history, race or ethnicity, physical inactivity, prediabetes, gestational diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and smoking.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The HbA1c value determines long-term blood glucose control for the past 120 days. This is because the HbA1c test measures what percentage of hemoglobin proteins in your blood are coated with sugar (glycated). Hemoglobin proteins in red blood cells live for around 120 days, so the test reflects your average blood sugar level for the past two to three months.

Choice A is wrong because an HbA1c value greater than 8% indicates poor diabetic control of blood sugar. The HbA1c target for most people with type 1 diabetes is 48 mmol/mol (or 6.5%) or lower.

Choice B is wrong because the HbA1c value is not altered by eating habits the day before the test. The test does not require fasting and can be done at any time of the day.

Choice D is wrong because an HbA1c test should be performed more than once per year.

The frequency of the test depends on the type of diabetes, your treatment plan and your blood sugar level. For example, you may need the test twice a year if you have good blood sugar control, or four times a year if you take insulin or have trouble keeping your blood sugar level within your target range.

A. Place the client’s bed in the low position. B. Encourage the client to wear socks when ambulating. C. Position the client’s bedside table at the foot of the bed. D. Raise four side rails on the client’s bed.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This is because lowering the bed reduces the risk of injury if the client falls out of the bed. It also makes it easier for the client to get in and out of the bed safely.

Choice B is wrong because wearing socks when ambulating can increase the risk of slipping and falling. The client should wear shoes or slippers with non-skid soles.

Choice C is wrong because positioning the client’s bedside table at the foot of the bed can create an obstacle for the client to walk around. The bedside table should be placed near the head of the bed and within reach of the client.

Choice D is wrong because raising four side rails on the client’s bed can be considered a form of restraint and can increase the risk of injury if the client tries to climb over them. The use of restraints should be avoided for clients with dementia, as they can cause agitation, confusion, and distress. Instead, other measures such as bed alarms, motion sensors, or frequent monitoring should be used to prevent falls.

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A nurse is collecting data for a client’s health history as well as physical examination. Which of the following information should the nurse identify as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus?

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A nurse is collecting data for a client’s health history as well as physical examination.
Which of the following information should the nurse identify as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus?