A nurse is collecting data for a client’s health history as well as physical examination.
Which of the following information should the nurse identify as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A client who is 1 day postpartum and has not voided in 8 hr. This client is at risk of urinary retention, bladder distension, and infection due to the effects of epidural anesthesia, perineal trauma, and fluid shifts after delivery. The nurse should assess the client’s bladder and catheterize if necessary.

Choice A is wrong because a client who is 2 days postpartum and whose fundus is 2 to 4 cm below the umbilicus is showing a normal finding.

The fundus should descend about 1 to 2 cm per day after delivery and be nonpalpable by day 10.

Choice B is wrong because a client who is 3 days postpartum and has not had a bowel movement since prior to admission is not uncommon.

Constipation is a common problem after delivery due to decreased peristalsis, dehydration, and fear of pain.

The nurse should encourage fluid intake, fiber intake, and early ambulation to promote bowel function.

Choice C is wrong because a client who is 4 days postpartum and has lochia serosa is also showing a normal finding.

Lochia serosa is the pinkish-brown discharge that occurs from day 4 to 10 after delivery.

It consists of old blood, serum, leukocytes, and tissue debris.

Collaborate with the client to develop a daily physical exercise routine. This intervention can help reduce aggression and impulsivity in schizophrenia by providing an outlet for frustration, enhancing self-esteem, and improving mood. Physical exercise can also improve physical health and reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome associated with antipsychotic medications.

Choice A is wrong because warning the client that the staff will use seclusion as a consequence if there are repeated reports of hallucination is punitive and threatening. This can increase the client’s anxiety, paranoia, and hostility, and may worsen the psychotic symptoms. Seclusion should only be used as a last resort when the client poses a serious danger to self or others, and not as a punishment or coercion.

Choice B is wrong because keeping the facility’s security personnel constantly visible to the client throughout treatment is intimidating and stigmatizing. This can also increase the client’s fear, distrust, and resentment, and may trigger aggressive behavior. Security personnel should only be involved when there is an imminent risk of violence, and not as a routine measure.

Choice D is wrong because agreeing that the hallucinations are real if the client exhibits aggressive behavior toward other clients is reinforcing the delusional belief and rewarding the aggression. This can also confuse the client and undermine the therapeutic relationship.

The nurse should acknowledge the client’s experience of hallucinations, but not endorse them as reality. The nurse should also set clear limits on aggressive behavior and use de-escalation techniques to calm the client.