A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who requires a bladder-training program for urinary incontinence.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

“Record your urination times for 24 hours before beginning the program.”

“Drink 4 liters of fluid between 6:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m.”

“Void every 2 hours while awake.”

“Eliminate caffeine from your diet.”

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

This instruction helps the client to establish a baseline of their bladder function and identify their voiding patterns. It also helps the nurse to design an individualized bladder-training program for the client.

Choice B is wrong because drinking 4 liters of fluid between 6:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. is excessive and can increase the frequency and urgency of urination. The client should drink enough fluids to prevent dehydration and constipation, but avoid drinking large amounts at one time or before bedtime.

Choice C is wrong because voiding every 2 hours while awake is not a bladder- training technique, but a scheduled toilet trip. Bladder training requires following a fixed voiding schedule and delaying urination after feeling the urge to go. Voiding every 2 hours may not allow the bladder to fill sufficiently and may interfere with the goal of increasing the bladder capacity.

Choice D is wrong because eliminating caffeine from the diet is not a specific instruction for bladder training, but a general lifestyle strategy to ease bladder problems. Caffeine can irritate the bladder and act as a diuretic, which can increase urine production and frequency.

However, eliminating caffeine alone may not be enough to improve urinary incontinence.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Collaborate with the client to develop a daily physical exercise routine. This intervention can help reduce aggression and impulsivity in schizophrenia by providing an outlet for frustration, enhancing self-esteem, and improving mood. Physical exercise can also improve physical health and reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome associated with antipsychotic medications.

Choice A is wrong because warning the client that the staff will use seclusion as a consequence if there are repeated reports of hallucination is punitive and threatening. This can increase the client’s anxiety, paranoia, and hostility, and may worsen the psychotic symptoms. Seclusion should only be used as a last resort when the client poses a serious danger to self or others, and not as a punishment or coercion.

Choice B is wrong because keeping the facility’s security personnel constantly visible to the client throughout treatment is intimidating and stigmatizing. This can also increase the client’s fear, distrust, and resentment, and may trigger aggressive behavior. Security personnel should only be involved when there is an imminent risk of violence, and not as a routine measure.

Choice D is wrong because agreeing that the hallucinations are real if the client exhibits aggressive behavior toward other clients is reinforcing the delusional belief and rewarding the aggression. This can also confuse the client and undermine the therapeutic relationship.

The nurse should acknowledge the client’s experience of hallucinations, but not endorse them as reality. The nurse should also set clear limits on aggressive behavior and use de-escalation techniques to calm the client.

A. Homocysteine. B. Indirect Coombs. C. Erythropoietin. D. aPTT.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The indirect Coombs test is used to detect antibodies against foreign red blood cells in the maternal serum. This test can help identify maternal-fetal blood incompatibility, which can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Choice A is wrong because homocysteine is a type of amino acid and is not related to blood compatibility.

Choice C is incorrect because erythropoietin is a hormone that regulates red blood cell production and is not a specific test for detecting maternal-fetal blood incompatibility.

Choice D is not the correct answer as aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) is a test used to evaluate blood clotting factors and is not directly related to monitoring maternal-fetal blood incompatibility.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who requires a bladder-training program for urinary incontinence. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who requires a bladder-training program for urinary incontinence.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?