A nurse is collecting data from a client who has recently stopped smoking.
Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a manifestation of acute nicotine withdrawal?

BMI 32.2.

A high body mass index (BMI) is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, as it indicates overweight or obesity.

Overweight or obesity can cause insulin resistance, which means the body cells do not respond well to insulin and cannot take up glucose from the blood. This leads to high blood sugar levels and diabetes.

Choice A is wrong because history of exercise-induced asthma is not a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Asthma is a respiratory condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, but it does not affect the metabolism of glucose or insulin.

Choice B is wrong because age 35 years is not a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Although the risk of diabetes increases with age, especially after 45 years, it can also occur in younger people.

Age alone is not enough to cause diabetes.

Choice C is wrong because history of mumps is not a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Mumps is a viral infection that affects the salivary glands, but it does not damage the pancreas or impair insulin production.

Some other risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus are family history, race or ethnicity, physical inactivity, prediabetes, gestational diabetes, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and smoking.

Offer the client fluids high in fiber and protein every hour. This is because clients who have bipolar disorder and are experiencing mania are at risk of dehydration, malnutrition, and weight loss due to increased activity, poor intake, and impaired judgment. Fluids high in fiber and protein can help prevent constipation and promote satiety.

Choice B is wrong because monitoring the client’s vital signs twice per day is not enough for a client who has mania. The nurse should monitor the client’s vital signs more frequently, at least every 4 hours, to assess for signs of dehydration, infection, or cardiac complications.

Choice C is wrong because encouraging the client to participate in group therapy activities each day can increase the client’s stimulation and agitation. The nurse should provide a calming environment with fewer stimuli and solitary activities for a client who has mania.

Choice D is wrong because weighing the client three times per week is not sufficient for a client who has mania. The nurse should weigh the client daily to monitor for weight loss and fluid imbalance.