A nurse is caring for an adolescent who has been diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The nurse notes the following:
When planning care for this client, the nurse should anticipate a provider's prescription for which of the following?
Insulin therapy and fluid replacement
Glucagon injection and potassium supplements
Bicarbonate infusion and sodium restriction
Dextrose infusion and diuretics
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Insulin therapy and fluid replacement are the main treatments for DKA, as they lower the blood glucose level and correct the dehydration and electrolyte imbalance caused by osmotic diuresis and acidosis.
Choice B reason: Glucagon injection and potassium supplements are not indicated for DKA, as they may worsen the hyperglycemia and the hyperkalemia. Glucagon stimulates the liver to release more glucose into the bloodstream, while potassium supplements may increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
Choice C reason: Bicarbonate infusion and sodium restriction are not the first-line treatments for DKA, as they may have adverse effects on the acid-base balance and the fluid status. Bicarbonate infusion may cause paradoxical cerebral acidosis and hypokalemia, while sodium restriction may exacerbate the hyponatremia and the hypovolemia.
Choice D reason: Dextrose infusion and diuretics are contraindicated for DKA, as they may increase the blood glucose level and the dehydration. Dextrose infusion may trigger a rebound hyperglycemia, while diuretics may cause further fluid and electrolyte loss.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Broad-spectrum antibiotics are indicated for septic shock caused by bacterial infection, as they can target a wide range of pathogens and prevent further sepsis. Fluid boluses are also essential to restore the intravascular volume and improve tissue perfusion and oxygenation.
Choice B reason: Antipyretics and oxygen therapy are not sufficient to treat septic shock, as they do not address the underlying infection or the hypovolemia. Antipyretics may lower the temperature, but they do not eliminate the bacteria. Oxygen therapy may improve the pulse oximeter reading, but it does not correct the hypoperfusion.
Choice C reason: Vasopressors and blood transfusions are not the first-line treatments for septic shock, as they may have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system and the coagulation cascade. Vasopressors may increase the blood pressure, but they may also cause vasoconstriction and reduce the blood flow to vital organs. Blood transfusions may increase the hemoglobin level, but they may also increase the risk of fluid overload, hemolysis, and transfusion reactions.
Choice D reason: Corticosteroids and antihistamines are not indicated for septic shock, as they do not have any proven benefits and may have harmful effects on the immune system and the inflammatory response. Corticosteroids may suppress the adrenal function and increase the risk of infection. Antihistamines may cause sedation and dryness of the mucous membranes.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Headache is a sign of oxygen toxicity, which is a condition that occurs when the client receives too much oxygen for a prolonged period of time. Oxygen toxicity can damage the lungs and other organs, and cause symptoms such as confusion, seizures, and respiratory failure. The nurse should instruct the client to report headache and adjust the oxygen flow rate accordingly.
Choice B reason: Dry mouth is not a sign of oxygen toxicity, but it could be a side effect of some medications or a result of dehydration. The nurse should instruct the client to drink plenty of fluids and use a humidifier or a nasal saline spray to moisten the mucous membranes.
Choice C reason: Increased appetite is not a sign of oxygen toxicity, but it could be a positive outcome of oxygen therapy, as it indicates improved oxygenation and metabolism. The nurse should encourage the client to eat a balanced diet and monitor their weight and nutritional status.
Choice D reason: Nausea is not a sign of oxygen toxicity, but it could be a side effect of some medications or a symptom of another condition, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The nurse should instruct the client to take their medications as prescribed and avoid foods that trigger nausea, such as spicy, fatty, or acidic foods.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today