A nurse is caring for an 18-month-old toddler in the emergency department who has Kawasaki disease. The nurse reviews the toddler's medical record and assessment findings. Which of the following provider prescriptions should the nurse anticipate?
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Aspirin
Penicillin
Acetaminophen
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is the main treatment for Kawasaki disease, as it reduces the inflammation of the blood vessels and the risk of coronary artery aneurysms. IVIG is given as a single infusion over 10 to 12 hours, within the first 10 days of the onset of fever.
Choice B reason: Aspirin is also used to treat Kawasaki disease, as it reduces the fever, pain, and inflammation. However, it is not the first-line treatment, and it is given after IVIG to prevent thrombosis and platelet aggregation. Aspirin is given at a high dose during the acute phase, and then at a low dose until the inflammation subsides.
Choice C reason: Penicillin is not indicated for Kawasaki disease, as it is an antibiotic that treats bacterial infections. Kawasaki disease is not caused by bacteria, but by an unknown trigger that activates the immune system and causes systemic vasculitis.
Choice D reason: Acetaminophen is not effective for Kawasaki disease, as it does not reduce the inflammation or the risk of complications. Acetaminophen may be used to treat mild pain or fever, but it is not the main treatment. Moreover, acetaminophen may mask the fever and delay the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Applying heat to a bleeding site is not recommended for a child who has hemophilia, as it can increase blood flow and worsen the bleeding. The nurse should teach the parent to apply cold compresses instead.
Choice B reason: Having the child rest is a correct action, as it can reduce the movement of the affected part and prevent further injury or bleeding.
Choice C reason: Compressing the site is a correct action, as it can help stop the bleeding and form a clot. The nurse should teach the parent to apply firm and direct pressure to the site with a clean cloth or bandage.
Choice D reason: Elevating the affected part is a correct action, as it can reduce the swelling and pain caused by the bleeding. The nurse should teach the parent to elevate the part above the level of the heart.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This statement is correct because patent ductus arteriosus is a condition where the ductus arteriosus, a fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta, fails to close after birth. This allows blood to flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, increasing the blood flow to the lungs and causing pulmonary hypertension.
Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect because coarctation of the aorta is a condition where the aorta, the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the body, is narrowed. This causes increased pressure in the upper body and decreased pressure in the lower body, reducing the blood flow to the kidneys and other organs.
Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect because tricuspid atresia is a condition where the tricuspid valve, which separates the right atrium and the right ventricle, is missing or abnormally developed. This prevents blood from flowing from the right atrium to the right ventricle, decreasing the blood flow to the lungs and causing cyanosis.
Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect because tetralogy of Fallot is a condition that involves four defects: a large ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. These defects cause blood to bypass the lungs and mix with oxygen-poor blood in the aorta, decreasing the blood flow to the lungs and causing cyanosis.
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