A nurse is caring for a toddler who has been vomiting for the past 8 hr. Which of the following findings indicates to the nurse that the child is dehydrated?
Increased blood pressure
Distended jugular veins
Flat anterior fontanel
Increased pulse
The Correct Answer is D
A. Increased blood pressure is typically not associated with dehydration. In fact, dehydration often causes hypotension or low blood pressure, especially in severe cases.
B. Distended jugular veins are usually a sign of fluid overload or heart failure, not dehydration. In dehydration, the veins may appear flat due to decreased fluid volume.
C. A flat anterior fontanel is generally expected in a well-hydrated child. A sunken fontanel would indicate dehydration in infants and young toddlers.
D. Increased pulse (tachycardia) is a common sign of dehydration. As the body loses fluid, the heart compensates by increasing the heart rate to maintain adequate perfusion of organs.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Grapes pose a choking hazard to toddlers due to their size and shape, and should be cut into small pieces or avoided for safety reasons.
B. Raw carrots are also a choking hazard and should not be recommended as a snack for toddlers. They should be cooked or cut into small pieces to make them safer.
C. A hard-boiled egg is a good snack for a toddler as it is nutritious and easy to eat when cut into small pieces. It provides protein and is safe to consume without choking risks.
D. Popcorn can be a choking hazard for toddlers and should not be recommended. It is difficult for toddlers to chew and digest properly.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Growth and changes in height and weight accelerate during adolescence, particularly in the early years, as part of the growth spurt.
B. While it is important to involve parents, adolescent clients should be encouraged to participate in decision-making about their health, as they are developing autonomy. Health decisions should include both the adolescent and the parents when possible.
C. Adolescents are often highly interested in discussing health promotion, particularly topics that are relevant to their peer group, such as body image, sexual health, and mental health.
D. The timing of puberty can significantly impact an adolescent’s self-esteem. Early or late onset of puberty may lead to feelings of self-consciousness or social challenges. Understanding this developmental change is essential in supporting the adolescent’s emotional and psychological well-being.
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