A nurse is caring for a patient and notices that the patient’s urine is dark amber, cloudy, and has an unpleasant odor. Which of the following conditions should the nurse associate these findings with?
Urinary retention
Urinary incontinence
Urinary tract infection
Urinary frequency
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Urinary retention refers to the inability to empty the bladder completely. While it can cause discomfort and bloating, it does not typically result in dark amber, cloudy urine with an unpleasant odor.
Choice B rationale
Urinary incontinence is the loss of bladder control, leading to the involuntary leakage of urine. It does not cause the urine to become dark amber, cloudy, or have an unpleasant odor.
Choice C rationale
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system — kidneys, bladder, urethra. Most UTIs are caused by bacteria, but they can also be caused by viruses or fungi. Symptoms of a UTI often include cloudy, dark, or strong-smelling urine.
Choice D rationale
Urinary frequency refers to needing to urinate more often than usual. It can be a symptom of many different issues, including a UTI, but on its own, it does not cause the urine to become dark amber, cloudy, or have an unpleasant odor.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Phenytoin is an antiepileptic medication used to control seizures. It’s important for the patient to understand that they should not switch brands of this medication without consulting their healthcare provider. Different brands of phenytoin can have different effects, and switching could potentially lead to changes in seizure control.
Choice B rationale
Regular dental appointments are important for patients taking phenytoin. This medication can cause gum overgrowth (gingival hyperplasia), so good oral hygiene and regular dental check- ups are essential.
Choice C rationale
It’s crucial for patients to notify their doctor before taking any other medications. Phenytoin can interact with many other drugs, altering their effectiveness or increasing side effects.
Therefore, the patient’s statement indicates an understanding of the need for caution when considering additional medications.
Choice D rationale
Phenytoin is a long-term medication for controlling seizures. It’s not something that patients can stop taking once they feel better. Abruptly stopping the medication can lead to withdrawal
seizures. Therefore, the patient’s statement, “I’ll be glad when I can stop taking this medicine,” indicates a need for further teaching about the importance of continuing the medication as prescribed.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Propranolol is sometimes used to prevent migraines, so a history of migraines would not typically be a contraindication.
Choice B rationale
Hypothyroidism is not typically a contraindication for propranolol. However, propranolol can affect the metabolism of thyroid hormones and may mask signs of hyperthyroidism.
Choice C rationale
Propranolol is often used to treat hypertension, so a history of hypertension would not typically be a contraindication.
Choice D rationale
Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker, which means it blocks beta receptors in both the heart and the lungs. This can potentially cause bronchoconstriction and exacerbate asthma symptoms, so it should be used with caution in patients with a history of bronchial asthma.
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