A nurse is preparing to administer fluoxetine 40 mg PO daily.
The available medication is fluoxetine 20 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer?

The correct answer is Choice D

Choice A rationale: Moral reasoning, including distinguishing right from wrong, requires abstract cognitive processing and internalization of social norms, typically emerging during the concrete operational stage around age 7. Toddlers are in Piaget’s sensorimotor to early preoperational phase, where egocentrism dominates and behavior is guided by immediate consequences rather than ethical principles. They lack the neurological maturity and social-cognitive integration required for moral discourse, making this milestone developmentally inappropriate for the toddler age group.

Choice B rationale: Performing simple chores involves task comprehension, motor coordination, and social cooperation, which are more consistently observed in preschool-aged children (4–5 years). Toddlers may imitate adult actions but lack sustained attention, impulse control, and fine motor precision needed for chore completion. Their psychosocial development is centered on autonomy and exploration, not structured responsibility. Expecting chore cooperation at this stage exceeds normative developmental expectations and may lead to frustration or behavioral resistance.

Choice C rationale: Printing letters and numbers requires advanced fine motor control, visual-motor integration, and symbolic cognition, typically achieved between ages 5 and 6. Toddlers are still developing basic hand-eye coordination and may engage in scribbling, but they lack the neuromuscular refinement and cognitive mapping needed for structured writing. Neurodevelopmental milestones do not support this skill in the toddler phase, making it scientifically inaccurate to expect printing behavior before preschool age.

Choice D rationale: By age 3, toddlers begin to tolerate brief separations from primary caregivers due to improved object permanence, emotional regulation, and social awareness. This aligns with Erikson’s autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage, where toddlers explore independence while maintaining secure attachment. Separation anxiety peaks around 9–18 months and typically declines by age 3. The ability to separate easily for short periods reflects healthy psychosocial development and is a scientifically appropriate expectation for toddlers.

Choice A rationale

While formula feeding is not contraindicated in infants with gastroesophageal reflux (GER), it is not necessary to switch from breast milk to formula. Both breast milk and formula can be used in infants with GER56.

Choice B rationale

Positioning the baby on their side during sleep is not recommended. This position does not help with GER and can increase the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.

Choice C rationale

Keeping the baby in an upright position after feedings can help reduce the symptoms of GER. Gravity helps keep the stomach contents down and prevents them from flowing back into the esophagus.

Choice D rationale

Thickening the baby’s formula with oatmeal is sometimes recommended for infants with GER. However, this should only be done under the guidance of a healthcare provider.