A nurse is caring for a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The nurse notes white lesions on the client's tongue. What opportunistic infection is this client experiencing?

Candidiasis

Xerostomia

Halitosis

Gingivitis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Candidiasis, commonly known as thrush, is characterized by white lesions on the tongue and is a common opportunistic infection in clients with AIDS due to their compromised immune system.

B. Xerostomia refers to dry mouth and does not cause white lesions; it can occur in various conditions but is not an opportunistic infection.

C. Halitosis is bad breath and does not correlate with white lesions on the tongue; it can result from various causes but is not an infection.

D. Gingivitis involves inflammation of the gums and may present with red, swollen gums but does not typically cause white lesions on the tongue.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Fungal and bacterial infections can occur later as the immune system becomes compromised, but they are not initial symptoms of HIV infection.

B. Flu-like symptoms and night sweats are common initial manifestations of acute HIV infection, often occurring within 2-4 weeks after exposure.

C. Kaposi's sarcoma is a type of cancer associated with advanced HIV/AIDS and not an initial symptom of infection.

D. Pneumocystis lung infection typically occurs later in the course of HIV disease when the immune system is severely weakened, not during the initial infection stage.

A. Positive Western blot test B. CD4-T-cell count 180 cells/mm³ (Range: 500 to 1500 cells/mm³) C. Platelets 150,000/mm³ (Range: 150,000-400,000 cells/mm³) D. WBC 5,000/mm³ (Range: 5,000-10,000 cells/mm³)

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A positive Western blot test indicates an HIV diagnosis, which is expected in a client with HIV and does not require urgent intervention.

B. A CD4-T-cell count of 180 cells/mm³ is significantly low (normal range: 500 to 1500 cells/mm³) and indicates severe immunosuppression, putting the client at increased risk for opportunistic infections, warranting immediate attention from the provider.

C. A platelet count of 150,000/mm³ is at the lower end of the normal range and does not typically require immediate intervention unless there are clinical symptoms associated.

D. A WBC count of 5,000/mm³ is within the normal range and does not indicate a need for urgent intervention.

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A nurse is caring for a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The nurse notes white lesions on the client's tongue. What opportunistic infection is this client experiencing?

Nursing Test Bank

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