A nurse is caring for a client who is coming to the clinic for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing. The patient's enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results are positive. Which test will be used to confirm the diagnosis of HIV?

A. Over-hydration is not a trigger for a sickle cell crisis; in fact, adequate hydration helps prevent sickling of the cells.

B. Dehydration is a significant trigger for sickle cell crises, as it can lead to increased blood viscosity and sickling of red blood cells.

C. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often used to manage pain associated with sickle cell crises, but they do not trigger a crisis.

D. Vaccinations are important for preventing infections in individuals with sickle cell anemia but are not associated with triggering a sickle cell crisis.

A. Hanging a bag of 0.9% normal saline with 5% dextrose (D5%NS) is incorrect; only normal saline (0.9% NS) should be used to prime the blood transfusion line to avoid hemolysis.

B. Verifying the client's name and blood type with a second nurse is a critical safety measure to prevent transfusion reactions and ensure the correct blood product is given.

C. Infusing the unit of blood within 4 hours is essential to reduce the risk of bacterial growth in the blood product.

D. Obtaining baseline vital signs prior to starting the transfusion is important to assess the client's condition and monitor for any changes during the transfusion.

E. Continuously monitoring the client during the first 15 minutes of the transfusion is vital for detecting any signs of a transfusion reaction promptly.

F. Inserting an 18-gauge intravenous catheter is recommended for blood transfusions as it provides a sufficient lumen to accommodate the blood flow.

G. Inserting a 22-gauge intravenous catheter is acceptable for some transfusions, but an 18-gauge is preferred for larger blood products.