A nurse is caring for a client with a history of recurrent kidney stones. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the client's discharge teaching to help prevent stone formation?
Limit fluid intake to 1 liter per day
Decrease dietary fiber intake
Reduce calcium intake from all sources
Increase citric acid intake
The Correct Answer is D
A. Limiting fluid intake to 1 liter per day is not recommended to prevent kidney stone formation. Adequate hydration is essential to
help prevent stone formation, as it helps dilute the urine and reduce the concentration of minerals that can lead to stone formation.
B. Decreasing dietary fiber intake is not a preventive measure for kidney stones. In fact, increasing dietary fiber intake can be beneficial for overall health.
C. Reducing calcium intake from all sources is not recommended to prevent kidney stones. In some cases, reducing dietary calcium intake can actually increase the risk of certain types of kidney stones.
D. This is the correct answer. Increasing citric acid intake can help prevent certain types of kidney stones, such as calcium oxalate stones. Citric acid helps to bind calcium in the urine, reducing the risk of stone formation. Citric acid can be found in citrus fruits and juices, and the nurse may advise the client to include more of these foods in their diet.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. This statement is not correct. Potassium citrate does not dissolve existing kidney stones. It is used to prevent the formation of certain types of stones, particularly calcium oxalate stones.
B. This is the correct answer. Potassium citrate is an alkalizing agent that helps reduce the acidity of urine. By making the urine less acidic, it can help prevent the formation of certain types of stones, such as uric acid stones.
C. Potassium citrate does not increase calcium levels in the body. It may help prevent the formation of calcium oxalate stones, but it does not affect overall calcium levels.
D. Potassium citrate does not decrease urine output. It primarily works to reduce urine acidity and prevent stone formation.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Citrus fruits are generally not a concern for calcium oxalate stones. They are a good source of citrate, which may actually help prevent stone formation.
B. Dairy products are not specifically associated with calcium oxalate stones. However, high-calcium supplements might increase the risk, not dietary calcium from dairy products.
C. Red meat is not a significant concern for calcium oxalate stones. It is more associated with uric acid stones.
D. This is the correct answer. Leafy green vegetables are high in oxalates, which can contribute to calcium oxalate stone formation. Clients with calcium oxalate stones should limit their intake of these vegetables.
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