A nurse is caring for a client who was recently diagnosed with an opioid use disorder. They were a student in a local community college but were recently dismissed for failing their classes. Their previous diagnoses include anxiety. Crohn's disease, and chronic back pain due to a gymnastics injury in high school Which of the following should the nurse identify as potential underlying reasons why the client might have started using opioids?

To treat hallucinations and perform better at work

Because they witnessed their parents using drugs or alcohol to cope

To promote sleep and rest

To treat pain and ease anxiety

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Using opioids to treat hallucinations is not a common reason, as opioids are not typically prescribed for this purpose. Hallucinations might be indicative of another underlying mental health condition that needs assessment and appropriate treatment.

B. Witnessing parents using drugs or alcohol to cope is a risk factor for substance use disorders, but it does not directly explain the client's initiation of opioid use. There may be other contributing factors, such as pain or anxiety.

C. Using opioids to promote sleep and rest is a possibility, especially if the client has chronic pain or anxiety affecting their sleep. Opioids can have sedative effects, which might be appealing to individuals experiencing sleep difficulties. However, treating pain and anxiety is often a primary reason for opioid use in such cases.

D. To treat pain and ease anxiety.
Chronic back pain due to a gymnastics injury and anxiety are identified as pre-existing conditions. The client may have started using opioids to manage chronic pain and potentially as a way to cope with anxiety. Opioids are often prescribed for pain relief, and individuals may misuse them to self-medicate emotional distress.

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Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

The "3" findings that should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing negative symptoms related to their schizophrenia are:
B.Lack of motivation
D.Lack of energy
E.Withdrawn
Explanation:
Negative symptoms in schizophrenia involve deficits or reductions in normal emotional and behavioral functioning. In the provided nurse's notes:

Blood pressure: Blood pressure is not mentioned in the nurse's notes, and it is not directly indicative of negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

B. Lack of motivation: The client refusing to eat or drink, not engaging in conversation, and not wanting to go to therapy sessions are indicative of a lack of motivation, which is a negative symptom.

C. Change in behavior: While there is a change in behavior mentioned in the notes (refusing to eat or drink, not engaging in conversation), the specific behavioral changes described are more closely associated with negative symptoms. Negative symptoms involve a reduction or loss of normal functions.

D. Lack of energy: The client's slow movements and desire to sleep suggest a lack of energy, another negative symptom associated with schizophrenia.

E. Withdrawn: The client's withdrawal from social interaction, as evidenced by not engaging in conversation and wanting to sleep, is characteristic of withdrawal, which is a negative symptom.

A. "You may experience muscle cramping from the induced seizure." B. The most common adverse effects of ECT are related to anesthesia." C. "You should expect to have ECT once per week for 6 weeks." D. "You might feel a bit confused and disoriented when you first wake up."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. "You may experience muscle cramping from the induced seizure." While muscle stiffness is possible, the term "muscle cramping" might not accurately describe the postictal state after ECT.

B. "The most common adverse effects of ECT are related to anesthesia." While anesthesia is used during ECT, the most common adverse effects are related to the ECT procedure itself, such as confusion, memory loss, and headache.

C. "You should expect to have ECT once per week for 6 weeks." The frequency and duration of ECT treatments vary based on the individual's response and treatment plan. This statement provides a specific schedule that may not apply to all patients.

D. "You might feel a bit confused and disoriented when you first wake up." This statement accurately reflects a common and expected postictal effect of ECT. Patients undergoing ECT commonly experience confusion and disorientation upon awakening. This is a temporary and expected side effect of the treatment. It's important for the patient to be aware of this possibility as part of the informed consent process.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has schizophrenia. Exhibits Select the "3" findings that should indicate to the nurse the client is experiencing negative symptoms related to their schizophrenia.

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled to receive electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is talking with a client who has schizophrenia. Suddenly the client states, "I'm frightened. Do you hear that? The voices are telling me to do terrible things." Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing acute mania. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A nurse is caring for a client who witnessed her brother's homicide and has posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is collecting data from a newly-admitted client who has bipolar disorder and is displaying manic behavior. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is collecting data from a client admitted to an inpatient mental health unit and has a new prescription for disulfiram (Antabuse). Which of the following information is most important for the nurse to obtain before administering this medication?