A nurse is caring for a client who is taking antihypertensive medication and is moving from a supine to a sitting position.
Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing orthostatic hypotension?

The client's heart rate increases by 10/min.

The client's diastolic blood pressure increases by 10 mm Hg.

The client reports heart palpitations.

The client's systolic blood pressure decreases by 25 mm Hg.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale:

An increase in heart rate by 10 beats per minute when moving from a supine to a sitting position is a normal physiological response to compensate for decreased venous return and maintain cardiac output. This response does not indicate orthostatic hypotension.

Choice B rationale:

An increase in diastolic blood pressure by 10 mm Hg when moving from a supine to a sitting position is a normal response to compensate for the effects of gravity on blood flow. It helps maintain perfusion to vital organs and does not indicate orthostatic hypotension.

Choice C rationale:

Heart palpitations can occur due to various reasons, including anxiety or arrhythmias, but they are not specific signs of orthostatic hypotension. This symptom alone does not confirm the presence of orthostatic hypotension.

Choice D rationale:

A decrease in systolic blood pressure by 25 mm Hg or more when moving from a supine to a sitting position indicates orthostatic hypotension. Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a drop in systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or more or a drop in diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg or more within 3 minutes of standing up. This condition can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting and can be a side effect of antihypertensive medications or other underlying medical conditions.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Bubble baths can increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and should be avoided, especially after intercourse.
B. Drinking plenty of water is beneficial for urinary tract health, but a specific amount (four glasses) may not be necessary for all individuals.
C. Correct. Wearing loose-fitting underwear allows better airflow and decreases moisture, reducing the risk of UTIs.
D. Voiding every 5 to 6 hours is a general guideline for healthy bladder habits, but it may not directly prevent recurrent UTIs.

A. Bilateral diffuse wheezing. B. Shortness of breath on exertion. C. Temperature of 100.5 °F (38.1 °C). D. Yellow expectorated sputum.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Among the given assessment findings, the one that warrants the most immediate intervention by the nurse is the shortness of breath on exertion. Shortness of breath on exertion in a client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumonia indicates increased respiratory distress and compromised lung function. It suggests that the client is experiencing difficulty breathing even with minimal physical exertion. This finding may indicate worsening respiratory status, increased oxygen demand, and inadequate oxygenation. The nurse should take immediate action to address the shortness of breath, which may involve providing supplemental oxygen, initiating or adjusting bronchodilator medications, and monitoring the client's respiratory status closely. Prompt intervention is crucial to ensure adequate oxygenation and prevent respiratory failure.

While the other assessment findings (bilateral diffuse wheezing, temperature of 100.5 °F, and yellow expectorated sputum) are also important and require attention, the shortness of breath on exertion poses the greatest immediate risk and necessitates immediate intervention to address the client's respiratory distress.

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A nurse is caring for a client who is taking antihypertensive medication and is moving from a supine to a sitting position.Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing orthostatic hypotension?

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A nurse is creating a plan of care for a female client who has recurrent urinary tract infections. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted with pneumonia. Vital signs include: heart rate 122 beats/minute, respiratory rate 28 breaths/minute, and blood pressure 170/90 mmHg. Which assessment finding warrants the most immediate intervention by the nurse?

Correct Answer is B

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A nurse is caring for a client who is taking antihypertensive medication and is moving from a supine to a sitting position.
Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing orthostatic hypotension?