A nurse is caring for a client who is seeking information about end-of-life decisions. According to the Patient Self-Determination Act, which of the following applies to medical decisions that can be made within organizations that receive Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements?
The person holding financial power of attorney will make health care decisions based on the client’s advance directives.
The client has the right to refuse medical treatment, even if health care providers recommend it.
If the client’s advance directives are in writing and notarized, the client cannot change it in the future.
The client’s eldest adult child has the right to change advance directives in an end-of-life situation.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Financial power of attorney manages monetary decisions, not health care, unless specified as a health care surrogate. Advance directives guide health decisions, but this role is distinct, making this statement incorrect under the Patient Self-Determination Act’s provisions.
Choice B reason: The Patient Self-Determination Act ensures clients’ rights to refuse treatment, even against provider recommendations, promoting autonomy through advance directives. This legal protection applies in Medicare/Medicaid facilities, making it the correct principle for end-of-life decision-making in this context.
Choice C reason: Advance directives can be changed by a competent client, even if notarized, as the Act supports ongoing autonomy. Stating they cannot be altered is incorrect, as flexibility is a core feature, making this an inaccurate representation of the law.
Choice D reason: The eldest adult child cannot change advance directives unless designated as a surrogate. The Act prioritizes the client’s documented wishes or appointed decision-maker, not family hierarchy, making this statement incorrect and misaligned with legal requirements.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Applying nitroglycerin ointment in a thin, even layer ensures consistent absorption for angina relief, as specified by dosing guidelines (e.g., using a dosing paper). This maximizes efficacy and minimizes side effects like hypotension, aligning with manufacturer instructions, making it the correct teaching point.
Choice B reason: Applying to the forearm is not standard, as nitroglycerin ointment is typically applied to the chest, upper arm, or back for optimal absorption. Forearm application may reduce effectiveness due to skin thickness, making this an incorrect site choice.
Choice C reason: Applying every 4 hours is incorrect, as nitroglycerin ointment is typically applied 2-3 times daily, with a 12-hour nitrate-free interval to prevent tolerance. This frequency is too frequent and risks side effects, making it an inaccurate instruction.
Choice D reason: Massaging nitroglycerin ointment into the skin is contraindicated, as it alters absorption rates and may cause inconsistent dosing or irritation. The ointment is spread lightly and covered, making this instruction incorrect and potentially harmful for proper administration.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: A heart rate of 60/min is within normal range and does not indicate fluid overload, which may present with tachycardia due to increased cardiac workload. This finding is more consistent with normal physiology or hypovolemia, making it incorrect for identifying fluid overload.
Choice B reason: Skin warm and dry suggests normal hydration or dehydration, not fluid overload, which typically causes edema or moist skin. Dry skin indicates fluid deficit, not excess, making this finding irrelevant and incorrect for assessing fluid overload in this client.
Choice C reason: A respiratory rate of 30/min indicates tachypnea, a sign of fluid overload due to pulmonary edema from excess IV fluids. Fluid in the lungs impairs gas exchange, increasing breathing effort, aligning with clinical manifestations of overload, making this the correct finding.
Choice D reason: Tenting skin turgor indicates dehydration, not fluid overload, as it reflects reduced skin elasticity from fluid loss. Fluid overload causes edema, not tenting, making this finding opposite to the expected presentation and incorrect for this scenario.
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