A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving warfarin therapy.
Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer if the client develops bleeding as an adverse effect of the medication? (Select all that apply.).

Choice A rationale:

Sulfonamides can increase the risk of crystalluria, which may lead to kidney stones. Adequate fluid intake can help dilute the urine and reduce the risk of crystalluria and kidney stone formation. This is a relevant and appropriate response by the nurse.

Choice B rationale:

Sulfonamides can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight, increasing the risk of sunburn. However, increasing fluid intake is primarily to prevent kidney stone formation, not a reaction to sunlight.

Choice C rationale:

While maintaining adequate hydration does help prevent dehydration, this answer does not directly address the potential side effects or risks associated with sulfonamide use. It is a bit too general and doesn't provide specific information related to the medication.

Choice D rationale:

Sulfonamides can affect blood counts in some cases, but maintaining adequate fluid intake is not primarily related to preventing low blood counts. It's more about mitigating the specific side effects associated with sulfonamide use, such as crystalluria and kidney stones.

Choice A rationale:

Impaired hepatic function requires cautious use of antiretroviral therapy. Many antiretroviral drugs are metabolized in the liver, and impaired hepatic function can affect drug metabolism and lead to potential drug interactions and toxicity. Adjustments in antiretroviral therapy may be needed in individuals with liver impairment.

Choice B rationale:

Impaired renal function also requires cautious use of antiretroviral therapy. Some antiretroviral drugs are eliminated by the kidneys, and impaired renal function can affect drug clearance. Dosing adjustments and drug selection may be necessary in individuals with renal impairment to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity.

Choice C rationale:

Hypertension is not a specific condition that requires cautious use of antiretroviral therapy. While some antiretroviral drugs can have side effects related to blood pressure, such as protease inhibitors, hypertension itself is not a contraindication for antiretroviral therapy.

Choice D rationale:

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is not a specific condition that requires cautious use of antiretroviral therapy. Antiretroviral therapy is primarily used in the treatment of HIV, and COPD is a lung condition unrelated to HIV. The two conditions do not directly interact, and COPD is not a contraindication for antiretroviral therapy. .