A nurse is caring for a client who is in labor. Which of the following nursing actions reflects application of the gate control theory of pain?

The correct answer is B. Place the client in the lateral position.

A. Increasing the rate of maintenance IV infusion may be necessary, but the initial action should be to address potential aortocaval compression. Repositioning the client to the lateral position helps alleviate compression on the vena cava and improves blood flow to the uterus.

B. Placing the client in the lateral position is the correct first action. Changing the client's position, particularly from a supine to a side-lying position, can relieve aortocaval compression and improve uteroplacental perfusion.

C. Elevating the client's legs is not the priority in this situation. Repositioning the client to the lateral position is more important to address potential aortocaval compression.

D. Administering oxygen using a nonrebreather mask may be indicated, but repositioning the client to the lateral position is the first action to address potential aortocaval compression. Oxygen administration can follow if necessary.

Choice A Reason:

Cholecystitis is correct. Both estrogen and progesterone have been shown to increase the risk of gallstones.Estrogen has been shown to increase cholesterol production in the liver, with excess amounts precipitating in bile and leading to the formation of gallstones.Progesterone has been shown to decrease gall-bladder motility, which impedes bile flow and leads to gallstone formation.

Choice B Reason:

Hypertension is correct. Women with uncontrolled hypertension or severe hypertension are generally advised against using oral contraceptives due to the increased risk of cardiovascular events.

Choice C Reason:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is incorrect. HPV is not a contraindication to oral contraceptives.Overall, while there may be some association between oral contraceptive use and HPV infection or its progression, the absolute increase in risk is generally considered small, and the benefits of oral contraceptives in preventing unintended pregnancies and managing menstrual issues often outweigh the potential risks.

Choice D Reason:

Migraine headaches is correct. Women with migraines with aura, especially those over 35 years old, are often advised against using estrogen-containing contraceptives due to an increased risk of stroke.

Choice E Reason:

Anxiety disorder is incorrect. Anxiety disorder alone is not a contraindication to oral contraceptives. However, individual health considerations should be discussed with a healthcare provider.