A nurse is caring for a client who is hospitalized for a mental disorder. The nurse is legally obligated to breach the client’s confidentiality if the client makes which statement?

The correct answer is A.
Choice A reason:
An advance care directive, or “living will,” is a legal document that specifies what medical treatments the client wishes to receive or omit if they become unable to make decisions for themselves. This document guides healthcare providers and family members in making decisions that align with the client’s preferences.
Choice B reason:
A client is not required to sign the “living will” document with an attorney present. While it is advisable to consult with an attorney when creating legal documents, it is not a requirement for the validity of an advance care directive.
Choice C reason:
An attorney may assist in drafting the advance care directive, but it is not necessary for the attorney to draw up the papers. The client can create the document with the help of healthcare providers or legal advisors.
Choice D reason:
The client’s physician does not need to act as a witness when the client signs the document. Typically, witnesses are required to ensure the document is signed voluntarily and without coercion, but they do not have to be the client’s physician.

Choice A reason:
Feelings are a key component of the psychological domain in the biopsychosocial model. This domain focuses on the client’s emotions, thoughts, and behaviors, which are crucial in understanding and treating mental health problems. Addressing feelings helps the nurse develop a comprehensive care plan that considers the client’s emotional well-being.

Choice B reason:
Cultural groups fall under the social domain of the biopsychosocial model. This domain includes factors such as family, community, and cultural influences on the client’s health. While cultural considerations are important, they are not part of the psychological domain.

Choice C reason:
Family functioning is also part of the social domain. It involves the dynamics and interactions within the client’s family that can impact their mental health. Understanding family functioning is essential, but it is not categorized under the psychological domain.

Choice D reason:
Sleep patterns can be influenced by both psychological and biological factors. However, in the context of the biopsychosocial model, sleep patterns are typically considered part of the biological domain. The psychological domain specifically addresses the client’s emotions and mental processes.