A nurse is caring for a client who is has developed anaphylactic shock in response to the ingestion of strawberries. Which of the following medications should the nurse administer first?
Epinephrine
Dobutamine
Methylprednisolone
Furosemide
The Correct Answer is A
A. Epinephrine – Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylactic shock. It rapidly reverses airway constriction, hypotension, and swelling by stimulating alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors, leading to bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, and increased cardiac output.
B. Dobutamine – Dobutamine is a positive inotrope used to treat cardiogenic shock and may support cardiac output, but it does not address the airway or allergic component of anaphylaxis.
C. Methylprednisolone – This corticosteroid may be given to reduce inflammation and prevent delayed reactions, but it has a slower onset of action and is not the priority in emergency management.
D. Furosemide – This diuretic is used in fluid overload or pulmonary edema, not in the management of anaphylaxis.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Platelets are administered to treat or prevent bleeding due to thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction, not primarily for volume loss.
B. Albumin is a plasma volume expander and may be used in hypovolemia, but it does not replace oxygen-carrying capacity like RBCs do.
C. Cryoprecipitates are rich in clotting factors (e.g., fibrinogen, factor VIII) and are used for coagulopathies, not as a primary treatment for hypovolemic shock.
D. Packed RBCs are the appropriate choice in hypovolemic shock, especially when blood loss has occurred, as they restore oxygen-carrying capacity and circulating blood volume.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening allergic reaction, but it is less common and less frequently the cause of ICU deaths compared to septic shock.
B. Neurogenic shock results from spinal cord injuries or central nervous system damage and is relatively rare.
C. Septic shock is the most common cause of death in intensive care units in the United States. It results from overwhelming infection and leads to systemic inflammation, vasodilation, and multi-organ dysfunction.
D. Cardiogenic shock occurs due to the heart’s inability to pump effectively, often after a major myocardial infarction, but it is not the leading cause of death in ICUs.
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