A client is scheduled for percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty to treat mitral stenosis. When explaining the advantage of valvuloplasty instead of valve replacement to the client, which information will the nurse include?

Ongoing cardiac care by a health care provider is unnecessary after valvuloplasty

Lifelong anticoagulant therapy is needed after mechanical valve replacement

Biologic replacement valves require the use of immunosuppressive drugs

Mechanical mitral valves require replacement approximately every 5-years

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Ongoing cardiac care is still necessary after valvuloplasty to monitor valve function and complications.
B. Mechanical valve replacements require lifelong anticoagulant therapy to prevent thromboembolism, which is an important consideration when comparing with valvuloplasty.
C. Biologic valves do not require immunosuppressive drugs because they are derived from animal tissue.
D. Mechanical valves are durable and often last longer than 5 years, usually 10-20 years or more before replacement might be needed.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Class I: No limitation of physical activity; ordinary activity does not cause symptoms. This client clearly experiences symptoms with ordinary activities.
B. Class II: Slight limitation of physical activity; comfortable at rest, but ordinary activity causes fatigue, dyspnea, or chest pain. This client is more limited than Class II.
C. Class IV: Unable to carry out any physical activity without discomfort; symptoms may be present even at rest. This client does not have symptoms at rest.
D. Class III: Marked limitation of physical activity; comfortable at rest, but less-than-ordinary activity (e.g., brushing teeth, walking to the bathroom) causes fatigue, dyspnea, or chest pain. This best fits the client's condition.

A. transfer to a long-term care facility. B. arrangements for around-the-clock care. C. consult with a psychologist. D. referral to a home health care agency.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Transfer to a long-term care facility is not necessary unless the client is unable to live independently despite support.
B. Around-the-clock care is excessive for a client who can still live alone and just needs assistance with medication management.
C. A psychologist is not the appropriate referral unless there are clear signs of mental health issues.
D. Referral to a home health care agency is appropriate to support the client at home, provide medication education, monitor adherence, and reduce the risk of readmission due to medication errors.

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A client is scheduled for percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty to treat mitral stenosis. When explaining the advantage of valvuloplasty instead of valve replacement to the client, which information will the nurse include?

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

While admitting an 82-year-old with acute decompensated heart failure to the hospital, the nurse learns that the client lives alone and sometimes confuses the "water pill" with the "heart pill." When planning for the client's discharge the nurse will facilitate a

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which of the following statements best describes the pathophysiologic rationale for shock?

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