The nurse is teaching a beginning ECG class to staff nurses. As the nurse begins to discuss the parts of the ECG complex, one of the students asks what the normal order of conduction through the heart is. The correct response would be which of the following?

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, and the Purkinje fibers

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, the Purkinje fibers, and the right and left bundle branches

AV node, SA node, bundle of His, right and left bundle branches, and the Purkinje fibers

SA node, AV node, right and left bundle branches, bundle of His, and the Purkinje fibers

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. This is the correct sequence of normal electrical conduction through the heart: the impulse originates in the sinoatrial (SA) node, travels to the atrioventricular (AV) node, then to the bundle of His, down the right and left bundle branches, and finally through the Purkinje fibers.
B. This choice places the Purkinje fibers before the bundle branches, which is incorrect.
C. The AV node does not initiate conduction; the SA node is the natural pacemaker of the heart.
D. This sequence incorrectly places the bundle branches before the bundle of His.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Ongoing cardiac care is still necessary after valvuloplasty to monitor valve function and complications.
B. Mechanical valve replacements require lifelong anticoagulant therapy to prevent thromboembolism, which is an important consideration when comparing with valvuloplasty.
C. Biologic valves do not require immunosuppressive drugs because they are derived from animal tissue.
D. Mechanical valves are durable and often last longer than 5 years, usually 10-20 years or more before replacement might be needed.

A. Sepsis B. Otitis media C. Deep vein thrombosis D. Bacterial endocarditis

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Sepsis is a general systemic infection that can arise from many sources but is not the specific concern addressed by prophylactic antibiotics in valve replacement patients.
B. Otitis media (middle ear infection) is unrelated to dental or surgical procedures and not a concern in valve replacement clients.
C. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is prevented with anticoagulants and mobility, not antibiotics.
D. Bacterial endocarditis is a serious infection of the heart's inner lining or valves. Clients with valve replacements are at increased risk, especially during procedures like dental work that may introduce bacteria into the bloodstream. Antibiotic prophylaxis is essential to prevent this potentially life-threatening condition.

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The nurse is teaching a beginning ECG class to staff nurses. As the nurse begins to discuss the parts of the ECG complex, one of the students asks what the normal order of conduction through the heart is. The correct response would be which of the following?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is scheduled for percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty to treat mitral stenosis. When explaining the advantage of valvuloplasty instead of valve replacement to the client, which information will the nurse include?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse providing postoperative teaching to a client who has received a valve replacement discusses the importance of antibiotic prophylaxis prior to any dental or surgical procedure. The nurse understands that antibiotic prophylaxis prevents which of the following in these clients?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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