A nurse providing postoperative teaching to a client who has received a valve replacement discusses the importance of antibiotic prophylaxis prior to any dental or surgical procedure. The nurse understands that antibiotic prophylaxis prevents which of the following in these clients?
Sepsis
Otitis media
Deep vein thrombosis
Bacterial endocarditis
The Correct Answer is D
A. Sepsis is a general systemic infection that can arise from many sources but is not the specific concern addressed by prophylactic antibiotics in valve replacement patients.
B. Otitis media (middle ear infection) is unrelated to dental or surgical procedures and not a concern in valve replacement clients.
C. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is prevented with anticoagulants and mobility, not antibiotics.
D. Bacterial endocarditis is a serious infection of the heart's inner lining or valves. Clients with valve replacements are at increased risk, especially during procedures like dental work that may introduce bacteria into the bloodstream. Antibiotic prophylaxis is essential to prevent this potentially life-threatening condition.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The presence of prosthetic heart valves is a significant risk factor for infective endocarditis due to the increased likelihood of bacterial colonization.
B. Sedentary lifestyle is not a direct risk factor for infective endocarditis, though it may contribute to other cardiovascular issues.
C. Radiation exposure – While it may affect cardiac tissue, it is not considered a risk factor for infective endocarditis.
D. Cardiac catheterization – While it is an invasive procedure, it is not a major or common risk factor for infective endocarditis compared to prosthetic valves or structural heart defects.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Class I: No limitation of physical activity; ordinary activity does not cause symptoms. This client clearly experiences symptoms with ordinary activities.
B. Class II: Slight limitation of physical activity; comfortable at rest, but ordinary activity causes fatigue, dyspnea, or chest pain. This client is more limited than Class II.
C. Class IV: Unable to carry out any physical activity without discomfort; symptoms may be present even at rest. This client does not have symptoms at rest.
D. Class III: Marked limitation of physical activity; comfortable at rest, but less-than-ordinary activity (e.g., brushing teeth, walking to the bathroom) causes fatigue, dyspnea, or chest pain. This best fits the client's condition.
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