A nurse providing postoperative teaching to a client who has received a valve replacement discusses the importance of antibiotic prophylaxis prior to any dental or surgical procedure. The nurse understands that antibiotic prophylaxis prevents which of the following in these clients?
Sepsis
Otitis media
Deep vein thrombosis
Bacterial endocarditis
The Correct Answer is D
A. Sepsis is a general systemic infection that can arise from many sources but is not the specific concern addressed by prophylactic antibiotics in valve replacement patients.
B. Otitis media (middle ear infection) is unrelated to dental or surgical procedures and not a concern in valve replacement clients.
C. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is prevented with anticoagulants and mobility, not antibiotics.
D. Bacterial endocarditis is a serious infection of the heart's inner lining or valves. Clients with valve replacements are at increased risk, especially during procedures like dental work that may introduce bacteria into the bloodstream. Antibiotic prophylaxis is essential to prevent this potentially life-threatening condition.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Diuretics should be taken early in the morning to avoid nocturia, but not at bedtime.
B. A weight gain of 1 kg (2.2 lb) or more in a day or 1.4–2.3 kg (3–5 lb) in a week should be reported; 0.5 kg (1 lb) in a week is not typically concerning.
C. Regular exercise (e.g., at least three times per week) is encouraged in Class I heart failure to promote cardiovascular health and endurance. This is an appropriate and recommended instruction.
D. Naproxen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and should be avoided in clients with heart failure as it may cause fluid retention and worsen heart function.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. This is the correct sequence of normal electrical conduction through the heart: the impulse originates in the sinoatrial (SA) node, travels to the atrioventricular (AV) node, then to the bundle of His, down the right and left bundle branches, and finally through the Purkinje fibers.
B. This choice places the Purkinje fibers before the bundle branches, which is incorrect.
C. The AV node does not initiate conduction; the SA node is the natural pacemaker of the heart.
D. This sequence incorrectly places the bundle branches before the bundle of His.
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