A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing severe nausea and vomiting after a course of chemotherapy. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following clinical manifestations?

Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Severe vomiting can lead to a loss of gastric acid, resulting in metabolic alkalosis and not acidosis.
B.   A client who is experiencing severe nausea and vomiting may lose gastric acid through vomitus and develop metabolic alkalosis, which is a condition characterized by a high pH (greater than 7.45) and a high bicarbonate (greater than 26 mEq/L). Metabolic alkalosis can cause confusion, tremors, tetany, and hypokalemia.
C. Respiratory alkalosis is not typically associated with vomiting; it is more often seen in conditions with hyperventilation.
D.   Respiratory acidosis is not the primary acid-base imbalance associated with vomiting; it is more commonly associated with conditions affecting lung function.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Hypokalemia can be caused by excessive loss of potassium from the gastrointestinal tract, such as from vomiting, diarrhea, or gastric suction.
B. Drinking a large amount of water is more likely to dilute sodium levels rather than potassium.
C. Alcohol abuse disorder is not a direct cause of low potassium levels.
D. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and its use can lead to hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia.

A. Omit the KCL dose and document that it was not given. B. Give the ordered KCL as prescribed. C. Call the lab to verify the client's results. D. Hold the prescribed dose and notify the provider of the serum potassium level.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The nurse should not withhold the dose without consulting the provider, especially with a low potassium level.
B. A client who is receiving diuretic therapy may lose potassium through urine and develop hypokalemia, which is a low level of potassium in the blood. Hypokalemia can cause cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and fatigue. The normal range of serum potassium is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. A serum potassium level of 3.2 mEq/L indicates mild hypokalemia and requires potassium supplementation
C. While it's important to verify lab results, the nurse should first administer the prescribed dose of KCL since the patient has mild hypokalemia.
D. This is important but it may delay the treatment of hypokalemia and increase the risk of complications.

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A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing severe nausea and vomiting after a course of chemotherapy. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following clinical manifestations?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has a potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a potential causative factor?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride (KCL) to a client who is receiving diuretic therapy. The nurse reviews the client's serum potassium level results and discovers the client's potassium level is 3.2 mEq/L. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing hypovolemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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