A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing severe nausea and vomiting after a course of chemotherapy. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following clinical manifestations?
Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
The Correct Answer is B
A. Severe vomiting can lead to a loss of gastric acid, resulting in metabolic alkalosis and not acidosis.
B. A client who is experiencing severe nausea and vomiting may lose gastric acid through vomitus and develop metabolic alkalosis, which is a condition characterized by a high pH (greater than 7.45) and a high bicarbonate (greater than 26 mEq/L). Metabolic alkalosis can cause confusion, tremors, tetany, and hypokalemia.
C. Respiratory alkalosis is not typically associated with vomiting; it is more often seen in conditions with hyperventilation.
D. Respiratory acidosis is not the primary acid-base imbalance associated with vomiting; it is more commonly associated with conditions affecting lung function.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Dry, sticky mucous membranes are associated with dehydration, not low calcium levels.
B. Muscle tremors are a potential manifestation of hypocalcemia.
C. Polyuria is not typically associated with low calcium levels.
D. Chvostek's sign is a facial twitching that can be associated with hypocalcemia; a negative Chvostek's sign would not be expected in this case.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH, indicating an excess of acid in the body.
B. HCO3 above 26 mEq/L is more indicative of metabolic alkalosis.
C. PaCO2 above 45 mm Hg is indicative of respiratory acidosis.
D. PaO2 below 70 mm Hg is more related to oxygenation status and is not a direct indicator of metabolic acidosis.
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