A nurse is assessing a client who has fluid volume deficit. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?

Increased urine ketones.

Decreased Hgb.

Decreased urine specific gravity.

Increased BUN.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale:

Increased urine ketones are not indicative of fluid volume deficit. Instead, they may suggest diabetic ketoacidosis or starvation ketosis.

Choice B rationale:

Decreased Hgb (hemoglobin) is not specific to fluid volume deficit and can be seen in various conditions such as anemia or bleeding.

Choice C rationale:

Decreased urine specific gravity is not consistent with fluid volume deficit, as it usually results in concentrated urine with increased specific gravity.

Choice D rationale:

An increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is expected in fluid volume deficit due to reduced kidney perfusion and function. BUN is a marker of kidney function and is elevated when fluid volume is low.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale: Patients with bulimia are at increased risk for developing metabolic alkalosis due to recurrent vomiting, which leads to loss of hydrochloric acid from the stomach and results in an elevated blood bicarbonate level.

Choice B rationale: Patients with COPD are more likely to develop respiratory acidosis due to retention of carbon dioxide, not metabolic alkalosis.

Choice C rationale: Patients with venous stasis ulcers do not have a direct association with metabolic alkalosis.

Choice D rationale: Patients on dialysis are more likely to experience metabolic acidosis due to impaired kidney function and inability to excrete acid effectively.

A. Hypokalemia. B. Hypercalcemia. C. Hypovolemia. D. Hyperglycemia.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Hypokalemia is not a direct adverse effect of dextrose 10% in water infusion. This solution does not contain potassium, and unless the patient already has low potassium levels or other contributing factors, it would not cause hypokalemia.

Choice B rationale:

Hypercalcemia is unrelated to dextrose 10% in water infusion. The solution does not contain calcium, and it would not lead to an increase in serum calcium levels.

Choice C rationale:

Hypovolemia, or low blood volume, is not typically associated with dextrose 10% in water infusion. However, if administered rapidly in large amounts, it could potentially cause fluid overload leading to hypervolemia.

Choice D rationale:

Hyperglycemia is a possible adverse effect of dextrose 10% in water infusion. The solution contains a high concentration of glucose, which can raise blood sugar levels if the body cannot adequately utilize or regulate the glucose. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential during such an infusion, especially in patients with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has fluid volume deficit. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is reviewing the health problems for a group of assigned patients. Which patient does the nurse recognize as being at increased risk for developing metabolic alkalosis?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an IV infusion of dextrose 10% in water. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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