A nurse is assessing a client who has fluid volume deficit. The nurse should expect which of the following findings?
Increased urine ketones.
Decreased Hgb.
Decreased urine specific gravity.
Increased BUN.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale:
Increased urine ketones are not indicative of fluid volume deficit. Instead, they may suggest diabetic ketoacidosis or starvation ketosis.
Choice B rationale:
Decreased Hgb (hemoglobin) is not specific to fluid volume deficit and can be seen in various conditions such as anemia or bleeding.
Choice C rationale:
Decreased urine specific gravity is not consistent with fluid volume deficit, as it usually results in concentrated urine with increased specific gravity.
Choice D rationale:
An increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is expected in fluid volume deficit due to reduced kidney perfusion and function. BUN is a marker of kidney function and is elevated when fluid volume is low.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Normal saline is not indicated for the treatment of high serum phosphate levels. It is a solution used for fluid resuscitation or hydration but does not have any direct effect on phosphate levels.
Choice B rationale:
Potassium phosphate is a suitable treatment for a patient with a low serum phosphate level (hypophosphatemia). In this case, the patient has a high serum phosphate level, and administering more phosphate would exacerbate the condition.
Choice C rationale:
Additional milk intake is not a suitable treatment for high serum phosphate levels. Milk contains phosphate, which would further elevate the phosphate level.
Choice D rationale:
Increased Vitamin D intake is a valid treatment for high serum phosphate levels (hyperphosphatemia). Vitamin D helps regulate phosphate levels by promoting its excretion.
Choice E rationale:
Calcium-containing antacids are used to bind phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract and reduce its absorption, thus lowering serum phosphate levels. This makes it a suitable treatment for hyperphosphatemia.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Narcotics are not known to directly cause hypokalemia. Their main effects are related to pain relief and central nervous system depression.
Choice B rationale:
Thiazide diuretics can cause potassium loss in the urine, leading to hypokalemia. These diuretics work by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule, which can lead to potassium excretion as well.
Choice C rationale:
Corticosteroids can cause sodium and water retention but are not typically associated with significant potassium abnormalities.
Choice D rationale:
Muscle relaxers are not known to cause hypokalemia. They primarily act on the neuromuscular junction and do not directly impact potassium levels.
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