A nurse is caring for a client who has urinary leakage due to nerve damage following a spinal cord injury. The nurse should identify that the client is experiencing which of the following types of urinary incontinence?
Overflow incontinence
Urge incontinence
Stress incontinence
Reflex incontinence
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Overflow incontinence is not the type of urinary incontinence that the client is experiencing. Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder is overfilled and cannot empty properly, causing frequent or constant dribbling of urine. It can be caused by a blockage in the urinary tract, such as an enlarged prostate or a kidney stone, or by a weak bladder muscle that cannot contract enough to empty the bladder.
Choice B reason: Urge incontinence is not the type of urinary incontinence that the client is experiencing. Urge incontinence occurs when the bladder muscle contracts involuntarily and causes a sudden and strong urge to urinate, followed by an involuntary loss of urine. It can be caused by an infection, a neurological disorder, or an overactive bladder.
Choice C reason: Stress incontinence is not the type of urinary incontinence that the client is experiencing. Stress incontinence occurs when the pelvic floor muscles or the urethral sphincter are weakened or damaged and cannot hold urine in the bladder when there is increased abdominal pressure, such as from coughing, sneezing, laughing, or exercising. It can be caused by pregnancy, childbirth, menopause, or surgery.
Choice D reason: Reflex incontinence is the type of urinary incontinence that the client is experiencing. Reflex incontinence occurs when the bladder muscle contracts without the sensation or control of the person, causing urine to leak without warning or awareness. It can be caused by nerve damage that affects the communication between the bladder and the brain, such as from a spinal cord injury, a stroke, or multiple sclerosis..
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Take isoniazid with an antacid. This answer is incorrect because taking isoniazid with an antacid can reduce the absorption and effectiveness of the drug. Isoniazid should be taken on an empty stomach, one hour before or two hours after meals.
Choice B reason: Drink at least 8 ounces of water when you take the pyrazinamide tablet. This answer is incorrect because drinking water with pyrazinamide is not necessary, as this drug does not cause dehydration or kidney problems. However, drinking plenty of fluids is generally recommended for clients with tuberculosis to prevent dehydration and help clear the lungs of secretions.
Choice C reason: Expect your sputum cultures to be negative after 6 months of therapy. This answer is incorrect because expecting sputum cultures to be negative after 6 months of therapy is unrealistic and misleading. The duration of treatment for tuberculosis varies depending on the type and extent of the infection, the drug regimen, and the client's response to the therapy. Some clients may need longer than 6 months to achieve negative sputum cultures.
Choice D reason: Provide a sputum specimen every 2 weeks to the clinic for testing. This answer is correct because providing sputum specimens regularly is important to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment and to determine when the client is no longer infectious.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is: a. Development of subcutaneous emphysema
Choice A: Development of subcutaneous emphysema
Reason: Subcutaneous emphysema occurs when air gets trapped under the skin, often due to a leak from the lung or chest tube. This can indicate a serious complication such as a pneumothorax or a malfunctioning chest tube, requiring immediate medical intervention. The presence of subcutaneous emphysema can lead to discomfort, respiratory distress, and further complications if not addressed promptly.
Choice B: Chest tube eyelets not visible
Reason: The eyelets of a chest tube are small holes at the end of the tube that allow air and fluid to drain from the pleural space. These eyelets are typically covered by a dressing and may not be visible. This is not necessarily a cause for concern unless there are other signs of malfunction or complications.
Choice C: Continuous bubbling in the suction control chamber
Reason: Continuous bubbling in the suction control chamber is expected and indicates that the suction is functioning properly. It does not indicate a problem unless the bubbling is in the water seal chamber, which would suggest an air leak.
Choice D: Presence of tidal fluctuation in the water seal chamber
Reason: Tidal fluctuation, or tidaling, in the water seal chamber is a normal finding. It indicates that the chest tube is patent and functioning correctly, as the water level rises with inhalation and falls with exhalation. The absence of tidaling could indicate a blockage or that the lung has fully re-expanded.
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