A nurse is caring for a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. The client reports that she is not feeling well. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is hypoglycemic? (Select all that apply)

Choice A reason: Asking for more information about the surgery indicates the client seeks clarification but does not confirm understanding of informed consent. Informed consent requires comprehension of the procedure, risks, benefits, and alternatives, with agreement to proceed. This statement reflects curiosity, not confirmation of understanding, making it insufficient to demonstrate informed consent.
Choice B reason: Planning to ask the doctor about the surgery in the operating room suggests the client has not yet received or understood the necessary information. Informed consent must be obtained before entering the operating room, with full comprehension of risks and benefits. This statement indicates a lack of prior understanding, making it incorrect.
Choice C reason: Stating understanding of the risks, benefits, and agreement to the procedure demonstrates informed consent. This reflects that the client has been educated about the knee arthroplasty, including potential complications like infection or blood clots, and alternatives, and voluntarily agrees to proceed. This meets legal and ethical standards, indicating full comprehension and consent.
Choice D reason: Having family sign the consent form is inappropriate unless the client lacks decision-making capacity, which is not indicated. Informed consent requires the competent client’s understanding and agreement. This statement suggests reliance on others, not personal comprehension of the procedure’s risks and benefits, making it an incorrect indicator of understanding.

Choice A reason: Frequent swallowing is a key indicator of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage, as the child may swallow blood from bleeding in the surgical site. This subtle sign requires urgent assessment to prevent airway obstruction or significant blood loss, aligning with clinical priorities, making it the correct finding.
Choice B reason: Increased drowsiness may indicate pain medication effects or general recovery but is not specific to hemorrhage. While concerning, it is less urgent than frequent swallowing, which directly suggests bleeding, making this finding less indicative of hemorrhage in this context.
Choice C reason: Elevated pain is expected post-tonsillectomy due to surgical trauma and does not specifically indicate hemorrhage. Pain may persist regardless of bleeding, so this finding is less reliable than frequent swallowing for identifying potential hemorrhage, making it incorrect.
Choice D reason: Diminished breath sounds suggest respiratory complications like atelectasis or obstruction, not hemorrhage. Bleeding would more likely present with swallowing or visible blood. This finding is unrelated to tonsillectomy hemorrhage, making it an incorrect indicator for this complication.