A nurse is caring for a client who has substance use disorder and is experiencing acute toxicity to sedatives, but has no history of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect the client to experience?

Severe hallucinations

Negative symptoms of psychosis

Prolonged hallucinations

Prolonged delusions

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Acute toxicity to sedatives, especially at high doses, can lead to various central nervous system effects, including severe hallucinations. Hallucinations can involve distorted perceptions of sensory experiences, such as seeing, hearing, or feeling things that are not present. These hallucinations may be vivid, intense, and disturbing, especially during acute intoxication.

B. Negative symptoms are more commonly associated with chronic psychotic disorders like schizophrenia rather than acute toxic reactions.

C. Prolonged hallucinations are less characteristic of acute toxicity and are more commonly seen in conditions like schizophrenia or certain drug-induced psychotic disorders.

D. Prolonged delusions typically characterize chronic psychotic disorders rather than acute toxic reactions.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B In Alzheimer's disease, cortical thinning typically begins in the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain, areas associated with memory, language, and higher cognitive functions. As the disease progresses, cortical thinning may extend to other regions of the brain, contributing to the worsening cognitive decline seen in affected individuals.

A. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can result in various structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy, but cortical thinning is not a specific hallmark of HIV infection-related dementia.

C. Prion diseases can lead to spongiform changes and neuronal loss in the brain, but cortical thinning is not typically described as a characteristic feature.

D. Chronic substance abuse, particularly alcohol and certain drugs, can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy. However, cortical thinning is not specific to substance use disorder-related dementia and can occur in various other neurological conditions as well.

A. Neonatal abstinence syndrome B. Substance use disorder C. Fetal alcohol syndrome D. Tolerance

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) occurs in newborns who have been exposed to opioids or other addictive substances while in the womb, typically due to maternal substance use during pregnancy.

B. The term "substance use disorder" typically refers to the condition in the person who is using the substance, rather than the manifestations experienced by the newborn.

C. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) occurs in infants born to mothers who consumed alcohol during pregnancy. It is characterized by a range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities, including growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and intellectual disabilities.

D. Tolerance refers to the body's decreased response to a substance due to repeated exposure. While tolerance can develop in both the mother and the fetus when opioids are used during pregnancy, the manifestations observed in the newborn, such as irritability, tremors, and feeding difficulties, are not indicative of tolerance.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has substance use disorder and is experiencing acute toxicity to sedatives, but has no history of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect the client to experience?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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