A nurse is caring for a client who has phantom limb pain.
The nurse should identify the client is experiencing which type of pain?

Choice A rationale
Providing nonpharmacological pain interventions to each client equally is an example of justice, not autonomy. Justice in healthcare refers to treating all patients fairly and equitably.
Choice B rationale
Fulfilling a promise to a client that they will return with their pain medication is an example of fidelity, not autonomy. Fidelity refers to being faithful to commitments and promises.
Choice C rationale
Administering a scheduled pain medication for a client who is having pain is an example of beneficence, not autonomy. Beneficence refers to taking actions that are of benefit to the patient.
Choice D rationale
Giving a client the choice of when to take a pain medication is an example of autonomy. Autonomy in healthcare refers to the patient’s right to make decisions about their own care.

Choice A rationale
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) can indeed disrupt cellular function and cause blood vessel damage. This can lead to a range of potential effects, from temporary changes in brain function to long-term complications or even death.
Choice B rationale
Damage to brain tissue from decreased pressure shock waves is not typically associated with TBI. This type of injury is more commonly associated with blast injuries, such as those caused by explosions.
Choice C rationale
While increased blood supply and edema (swelling) can occur in the area of a brain injury, they are typically responses to the injury rather than direct consequences of the TBI itself. These processes can contribute to further damage and complications.
Choice D rationale
A TBI does not typically lead to increased synaptic connections. In fact, the injury can cause loss of neurons and synapses, which can lead to long-term cognitive and functional impairments.